被子植物无籽果实形成的遗传学分析

被子植物无籽果实有两种主要类型,一是生长素刺激型(单性结实型)。二是奇数倍多倍体联会紊乱型。本文从遗传学角度对其进行分析。     

玉米单倍体的细胞学研究

用细胞学方法对10株玉米单倍体的体细胞和性细胞进行染色体行为观察和计数，并对体细胞和性细胞进行了比较．结果表明：玉米单倍体的体细胞和性细胞中均有一定比例的二倍体细胞，体细胞中出现二倍体细胞的百分率平均为0．46％；在花粉母细胞中二倍体细胞的百分率比在体细胞中大大提高了，增加幅度最大的达到了12．86％．体细胞中存在二倍体细胞是性细胞中出现二倍体细胞的前提．     

QTL analysis of flag leaf in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for morphological traits and chlorophyll content

To understand genetic patterns of the morphological and physiological traits in flag leaf of barley, a double haploid (DH) population derived from the parents Yerong and Franklin was used to determine quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling length, width, length/width, and chlorophyll content of flag leaves. A total of 9 QTLs showing significantly additive effect were detected in 8 intervals on 5 chromosomes. The variation of individual QTL ranged from 1.9% to 20.2%. For chlorophyll content expressed as SPAD value, 4 QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2H, 3H and 6H; for leaf length and width, 2 QTLs located on chromosomes 5H and 7H, and 2 QTLs located on chromosome 5H were detected; and for length/width, 1 QTL was detected on chromosome 7H. The identification of these QTLs associated with the properties of flag leaf is useful for barley improvement in breeding programs. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30630047) and the Project on Absorption of Intellects by Institutions of Higher Education for Academic Disciplinary Innovations (the 111 Project) (No. B06014), China     

QTL analysis of flag leaf in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for morphological traits and chlorophyll content

To understand genetic patterns of the morphological and physiological traits in flag leaf of barley, a double haploid (DH) population derived from the parents Yerong and Franklin was used to determine quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling length, width, length/width, and chlorophyll content of flag leaves. A total of 9 QTLs showing significantly additive effect were detected in 8 intervals on 5 chromosomes. The variation of individual QTL ranged from 1.9% to 20.2%. For chlorophyll content expressed as SPAD value, 4 QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2H, 3H and 6H; fur leaf length and width, 2 QTLs located on chromosomes 5H and 7H, and 2 QTLs located on chromosome 5H were detected; and for length/width, 1 QTL was detected on chromosome 7H. The identification of these QTLs associated with the properties of flag leaf is useful for barley improvement in breeding programs.     

三叶半夏花药培养及单倍体植株的获得

目的:研究三叶半夏花药培养条件,诱导单倍体植株,为三叶半夏育种研究提供材料.方法:对3种不同叶型的三叶半夏进行花药培养和单倍体诱导.结果:4℃预处理5 d后,三叶半夏花药在N6+2,4-D 1.0 mg·L-1+6-BA0.5 mg·L-1+5%蔗糖+0.8%琼脂的培养基中,诱导产生愈伤组织的效果最佳.在优化条件下不同叶型的花药都诱导出了愈伤组织,诱导率分别为:桃叶型半夏Bx-t最高,为4.25%.芍药叶型半夏Bx-s为2.08%,柳叶型半夏Bx-1最低,为0.99%.结论:通过半夏花药培养,能够诱导出愈伤组织和单倍体植株.