过早大强度专业化力量训练对足球运动员下肢形态影响的研究

探讨过早大强度专业化力量训练是否对足球运动员下肢形态存在影响,从而科学地进行足球训练。方法:对原陕西省足球队二级以上的运动员25名与体育院系足球学生25名以及普通高校学生25名的下肢形态的相关指标进行对比。实验结果显示:体育院系学生与普通高校学生的下肢形态没有明显差异(P>0.05);原陕西省足球队与普通高校学生有明显差异(p<0.001),足球队运动员的腿部接近于“O”型以及脚尖略微内扣。结论:过早大强度专业化力量足球训练会对运动员下肢形态存在消极的影响。     

Walking and biologic ageing: Evidence based on NHANES telomere data

ABSTRACT

The length of telomeres is an objective measure of biologic ageing. This study evaluated the extent minutes of walking per week are associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a random sample of 5,823 U.S. adults. The investigation was cross-sectional and data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). LTL was measured by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Walking minutes was calculated from walking frequency and duration measures. Results showed that for each year of chronological age, telomeres were 15.6 base pairs shorter (P < 0.0001). With walking minutes and LTL treated as continuous variables, the relationship was quadratic, not linear (F = 11.2, P = 0.0023). With walking time divided into three categories, adults who performed ≥ 150 minutes of walking per week had longer telomeres than those who did no regular walking, and those who did some, but less than the recommendation (F = 5.0, P = 0.0137). Regular walkers were estimated to have a biologic ageing advantage associated with 6.5–7.6 years less biologic ageing compared to non-walkers, after adjusting for covariates. Additional investigations designed to study causality and the mechanisms associated with the walking and LTL relationship are needed.     

Resiliency as a factor protecting youths from risky behaviour: Moderating effects of gender and sport

We hypothesised that resiliency may protect adolescents against risky behaviours, and that both the practicing of sports, and gender are moderating variables in relationships between resiliency and risky behaviours. The study included 18-year-old pupils from a selection of secondary schools (n = 556). A total of 188 individuals practiced competitive sports and the remaining 368 participants were non-athletes. The participants were examined with the Resiliency Assessment Scale for Children and Adolescents (SPP-18) and with a survey containing questions and statements related to high-risk “experiments with adulthood”. Adolescent athletes showed higher levels of resiliency than their peers. The power of the “Determination and Persistence in Action” effect on “Alcohol” scale differed significantly between male athletes and male non-athletes. Only in the athletes groups were higher scores on this scale reflected by lower values on the “Drugs” scale. Moreover, it is possible to observe differences in undertaking risky behaviour between male and female athletes. The analysis of risky sexual behaviour suggests that sport is a risk factor for men, and a protective factor for women. These data suggest that consistent prophylactic and psycho-educative activities, with a special attention to differences between genders, should be provided to all the adolescents, irrespective of their sport performance levels.     

胎儿纤维连接蛋白联合宫颈长度在早产预测中的价值

目的探讨胎儿纤维连接蛋白（fFN）联合宫颈长度检测预测早产的价值。方法采用ELISA法检测86例先兆早产孕妇宫颈阴道分泌物中胎儿fFN水平,阴道B超测量其宫颈长度,分析其预测妊娠结局的价值。结果胎儿fFN测定联合宫颈长度预测早产的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为97.30%、75.00%、87.80%和100.00%,其特异性、阳性预测值明显高于胎儿fFN及宫颈长度单独检测（P〈0.05）。结论胎儿fFN检测联合宫颈长度对预测早产有较高的价值。     

A Study of Infant Developmental Outcome with a Sample of Korean Working Mothers of Infants in Poverty: Implications for Early Intervention Program

Using a sample of 42 Korean mothers whose infants are cared for by someone at non-maternal child care facilities, this study first examined both main effects and interaction effects between maternal knowledge of infant development and maternal self-efficacy on parenting behavior. Second, the combined effects of variables of interest in this study including maternal knowledge of infant development, maternal self-efficacy, and parenting behavior on the child developmental outcome were investigated. Significant relationships between maternal knowledge of infant development and parenting behavior and child development outcome were detected. Only main effects of maternal knowledge of infant development were detected. Furthermore, maternal knowledge of infant development was the only significant predictor of infant developmental outcome. Research implications were discussed both on the continuum of findings from previous studies with Western samples and in terms of provision of effective early intervention programs for this targeted population.     

论幼儿园在幼儿伤害事故中的责任归结

幼儿园对幼儿的教育、管理和保护职责不是基于《民法通则》设置的监护制度，而是源于带有公法性质的《教育法》、《未成年人保护法》等法律的规定，幼儿园与幼儿之间的法律关系是一种教育管理法律关系。幼儿伤害事故分为过错事故和意外事故，在过错事故中，幼儿园按照过错责任原则归责，但是应采用举证责任倒置的方式，在意外事故中，幼儿园不需承担法律责任，解决意外事故的真正出路在于幼儿园参加责任保险和幼儿参加人身伤害保险。     

论幼儿英语教育

英语作为一种国际化的语言,其重要性受到越来越多的人们的强烈关注。学外语的孩子日趋低龄化,足可以显示人们对孩子学外语的重视和狂热程度。家长希望自己的孩子学好外语,在未来国际社会里更具竞争力,是一件好事,但就幼儿外语学习的问题来说,一定要理性地看待,避免过分焦虑,盲目追风,反倒适得其反。毕竟,英语不是一切。     

婴幼儿基于概念的归纳推理研究

近年来,关于婴幼儿归纳推理能力的发展研究受到国际心理学界的重视,其中婴幼儿是否能够基于概念进行归纳推理是一个焦点问题。Mandler等人利用概括化模仿技术对婴儿的归纳推理进行了研究,发现:9-20个月的婴儿的归纳推理受到领域水平的概念类别所限制,是一个基于概念的过程;Gelman等人探讨了类别成员关系、语言标签、心理本质主义在幼儿的归纳推理中的作用,发现:2-4岁幼儿的归纳推理受基本水平的类别成员关系所限制,也是一个基于概念的过程。二者的分歧可以用语言的作用加以解释。     

对我国优秀女子标枪运动员早衰现象及其训练学原因的探讨

对我国优秀女子标枪运动员早衰的调查研究表明,我国优秀女子标枪运动寿命比世界选手平均少５．５岁,明显存在早衰现象。从训练学因素研究表明,导致我国女子标枪运动员早衰的原因是：运动负荷过大,基础阶段训练手段单一,大力量练习过多,运动年限较短,过于专项成绩,运动员损伤严重等     

高专学前教育专业教法课现实困境与对策研究--以安阳幼儿师范高等专科学校为例

教法课作为高专学前教育专业主干课程,既要注重学生在理论方面的综合运用,也应体现学生的幼儿教育理论实践化水平。如何将教法课的教落实到学生的学与能力的提升上,是所有教法课任课教师共同面临的一个问题,也是教法课内在的实质性的要求。笔者尝试把“幼儿社会教育活动与指导”这门课程的教学与实践作为突破口,从教学方式和考核方式两个方面寻找提升未来幼师的综合素质和能力的有效途径,探索为教法课教学的理论与实践搭起一座桥梁。