组织化学技术在体育科研中的应用

从普通组织化学、酶组织化学、免疫组织化学、原位杂交组织化学及定量组织化学等方面对国内外组织化学技术在体育科研中的应用研究进行了综述.随着现代生物化学和分子生物学的飞速发展,在体育科学研究中普通组织化学方法逐渐退出而被其它更高效、精确的检测手段如免疫学方法及定量组织化学方法等技术代替.其中,流式细胞技术、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术和免疫电镜技术等先进组织化学技术在体育科研中日益显示出其巨大的应用潜力,并为此方面的研究提供丰富、稳定、可靠、准确的研究平台.     

韭菜花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究

通过解剖镜、扫描电镜和石蜡制片等方法对韭菜花蜜腺的形态结构、位置和发育过程进行了研究。其花蜜腺类型为子房蜜腺中典型的隔膜蜜腺，并属于结构蜜腺，由分泌表皮和产蜜组织构成，不包含维管束。在开花前后，蜜腺组织中的细胞内液泡大小，蛋白质含量都发生了有规律的变化，根据其结构及其变化特点分析了其泌蜜途径。     

Morphology of the deltoid muscles in elite tennis players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the deltoid muscle properties of the dominant and non-dominant arm of Greek professional male tennis players. Eight male tennis players (mean age 22.0 years, s = 3.2) were subjected to biopsy of the deltoid muscle of both arms. Adenosine triphosphate (ATPase) histochemistry and myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition were performed on the samples with homogenate electrophoresis. No significant differences were observed in the percentage of types I, IIa, IIab, and IIb muscle fibres between the deltoid muscles of the two arms. Types I, IIa, and IIx muscle fibres of the dominant and non-dominant deltoid muscles did not differ significantly for MHC isoform composition. Type IIab muscle fibres showed a similar cross-sectional area (CSA) percentage distribution between the two arms. The CSA percentage for types I, IIa, and IIb muscle fibers did not differ significantly between the dominant and the non-dominant arm. We conclude therefore that regular tennis training probably does not lead to any significant changes in the muscle fibre types of the dominant and non-dominant arms of elite tennis players.     

快速力量训练停训后对大鼠骨骼肌中酶及糖原影响的实验研究

笔者选用成年SD雄性大鼠40只,体重为200 220g,按体重分层,随机分为2组,正常对照组(NC,16只),快速力量训练组(PT,24只),快速力量训练6w后,PT组又分为快速力量训练对照组(PTC,12只)和快速力量停训组(PTD,12只),PTC组继续进行训练,PTD组进行6w停训观察,对大鼠左侧后腿腓肠肌进行组织化学实验。结果表明,快速力量训练后停训,肌肉中ATPase快速下降且不易恢复,SDH、LDH和Gn都呈现先下降后恢复,但并不同步,SDH和Gn都是先下降先恢复。     

力量耐力训练对大鼠骨骼肌超微结构和酶的影响

研究旨在观察力量耐力训练对大鼠骨骼肌的超微结构以及氧化酶与无氧酶含量的影响,结果发现:受6 w力量耐力训练的影响,Gn、LDH、SDH以及ATPase含量明显升高,肌纤维排列整齐、线粒体体积增大,数量增多,线粒体嵴致密,表明力量耐力训练可以有效的提高机体的有氧和无氧代谢能力。     

长期力竭运动对大鼠子宫基质金属蛋白酶-2和-9的影响

目的:探讨长期力竭运动对大鼠子宫基质金属蛋白酶-2和-9(MMP-2和MMP-9)的影响.方法:以长期力竭运动所致动情周期抑制大鼠为模型,用免疫组织化学SABC法检测了大鼠子宫基质金属蛋白酶2-和-9(MMP-2和MMP-9)的表达,并结合图像分析系统进行分析.结果:在正常组和动情周期抑制大鼠子宫中均检测到MMP-2和MMP-9的表达,阳性反应主要分布于子宫腺上皮和基质细胞.与正常组比较,力竭运动致大鼠动情周期抑制后子宫MMP-2和MMP-9表达均明显降低.结论:长期力竭运动导致大鼠子宫内膜MMP-2和MMP-9的表达降低可能与大鼠动情周期抑制有关.     

过度训练对心肌影响的病理和酶组织化学研究：心肌损害的特点

】实验结果表明：在过度训练情况下,心肌细胞浊肿、线粒体肿胀、内质网扩张、毛细血管、闰盘损害等形态学改变是心肌损害的组织学特征。线粒体有氧代谢酶系（ＳＤＨ,ＣＣＯ,ＧＤＨ,ＩＣＤＨ等）活性下降,胞液无氧酵解酶系（ＬＤＨ,α－ＧＰＤＨ）等早期活性上升后期下降表明心肌严重缺氧与损害。毛细血管病多出现早和重,其标志酶（ＡＫＰ,５′－Ｎ）活性下降,表明毛细血管的形态和功能改变是缺氧性损害的一个重要环节。闰盘的损害可能是过度训练时心电图改变的组织学基础之一。     

Quantitative changes of nitrergic neurons during postnatal development of chicken myenteric plexus

Objective

Information regarding the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) is important for understanding the functional abnormalities of the gut. Because fertilized chicken eggs provide easy access to embryos, chicken models have been widely used to study embryonic development of myenteric plexus; however, no study has been focused on the postnatal period. The aim of this study was to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the nitrergic neurons in the myenteric plexus of developing chickens in the postnatal period.

Methods

Whole-mount preparations of the myenteric plexus were made in 7-d, 15-d, and 40-d old (adult) chickens of either sex (n=15). The myenteric plexus was studied after nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry using light microscopy, digital photography, and Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. The numbers of positively stained neurons and ganglia were counted in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, and colon in the different age groups. Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation (SD), and statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.

Results

The positively stained neurons showed various morphologies and staining intensities, and formed bead-shaped and U-shaped arrangements in the myenteric plexus. The densities of neurons and ganglia increased with age. However, the number of positive neurons per ganglion increased. The number of NADPH-d-positive neurons was highest in the colon, followed by the ileum, the jejunum, the duodenum, and the caeca in all age groups.

Conclusions

Developmental changes in the myenteric plexus of chickens continue in the postnatal period, indicating that the maturation process of the gastrointestinal function is gradual. In addition, no significant difference is happening among different intestinal segments during postnatal development, suggesting that the function of different intestinal segments had been determined after birth.     

长江铜鱼和圆铜鱼肝胰腺的比较研究

对长江上游铜鱼和圆口铜鱼的肝胰腺进行了比较研究，两种铜鱼的肝胰腺都很发达，且同属于含脂肪为主的类型，二在结构和成分上虽有一定程度的相似，但差异也十分明显：铜鱼的肝胰腺分为3叶，肝胰腺结构较为致密，肝细胞较小，肝糖元含量较多，肝胰指数为2.2%，蛋白质含量8.7%，脂肪含量18.2%；圆口铜鱼的肝胰腺分为2叶，肝胰腺结构较为疏松，肝细胞较大，肝糖元含量很少，肝胰指数为3.8%，蛋白质含量8.8%，脂肪含量22%。     

HIF-1α、VEGF、P53 对老年宫颈癌浸润影响的组织芯片研究

目的:探讨HIF-1α、VEGF、P53对老年宫颈癌局部浸润的作用。方法:应用组织芯片技术和免疫组织化学方法对比检测老年宫颈鳞状细胞原位癌30例、微小浸润癌34例、浸润癌36例中HIF-1α、VEGF、P53的表达。结果:HIF-1α在原位癌中的阳性表达率明显低于微小浸润癌、浸润癌(P<0.05和P<0.001),微小浸润癌、浸润癌中阳性表达率无明显差别(P>0.05);VEGF在原位癌中的阳性表达率明显低于微小浸润癌和浸润癌(P<0.05和P<0.001),微小浸润癌中阳性表达率明显低于浸润癌(P<0.05);P53在原位癌中的阳性表达率明显低于微小浸润癌和浸润癌(P<0.05和P<0.05),微小浸润癌中的阳性表达率与浸润癌无明显差别(P>0.05)。HIF-1α与VEGF阳性表达之间在微小浸润癌、浸润癌中存在密切相关(r=0.8737P<0.01和r=0.7957P<0.01)。HIF-1α、P53与宫颈癌的微小浸润密切相关,VEGF与宫颈癌浸润的全过程密切相关。结论:HIF-1α、VEGF、P53都与老年宫颈癌局部浸润相关,其中HIF-1α、P53在局部浸润始动阶段发挥重要作用,VEGF在浸润全过程都发挥重要作用。