Incremental training intensities increases loads on the lower back of elite female rowers

Lumbar-pelvic kinematics change in response to increasing rowing stroke rates, but little is known about the effect of incremental stroke rates on changes in joint kinetics and their implications for injury. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of incremental rowing intensities on lower limb and lumbar-pelvic kinetics. Twelve female rowers performed an incremental test on a rowing ergometer. Kinematic data of rowers’ ankle, knee, hip and lumbar-pelvic joints, as well as external forces at the handle, seat and foot-stretchers of the rowing machine were recorded. Inter-segmental moments and forces were calculated using inverse dynamics and were compared across stroke rates using repeated measures ANOVA. Rowers exhibited increases in peak ankle and L5/S1 extensor moments, reductions in peak knee moments and no change in peak hip moments, with respect to stroke rate. Large shear and compressive forces were seen at L5/S1 and increased with stroke rate (P < 0.05). This coincided with increased levels of lumbar-pelvic flexion. High levels of lumbar-pelvic loading at higher stroke rates have implications with respect to injury and indicated that technique was declining, leading to increased lumbar-pelvic flexion. Such changes are not advantageous to performance and can potentially increase the risk of developing injuries.     

广义线性系统极点配置的方法

研究了广义线性系统的极点配置问题，利用矩阵的奇异值分解和矩阵的广义逆得到了广义线性系统的奇异值标准形，使得广义线性系统的极点配置问题转变为正常系统的极点配置问题，从而给出广义线性统极点配置的一种新方法。     

二元二次Jacobi猜想的求逆公式

利用行列式的基本知识和计算技巧,给出了复数域上一次与二元二次Jacobi猜想的一个简明的求逆公式,验证了Abhyankar多元幂级数在上述情形下的形式求逆公式。     

r-首尾和循环矩阵求逆的一种算法

引进了γ-首尾和循环矩阵的新概念，利用多项式矩阵理论，给出了一种γ-首尾和循环矩阵的算法。用来计算它的逆矩阵或群逆。     

Role of recognition of prior learning for emerging economies: learning from a four sector pilot project in India

Recognition of prior learning (RPL) has increasingly been recognised as a useful way to certify experience and competencies gained in the workplace informally. Particularly pertinent is RPL in the context of international migration or in economies, where system reforms seek to overcome challenges related to access to formal training and qualifications. India has the goal to skill 300 million of its growing workforce and provide them access at various levels to certification and further learning opportunities. As a part of the overall system reforms, the Government of India, jointly with the ILO, pilot tested RPL in four sectors in collaboration with the industry and built the foundation for wider replication for another 26 growth sectors by undertaking a tracer study and evaluation. This paper can empirically establish that RPL has had a positive effect on income opportunities, occupational safety, social status and openness to further learning. The paper further discusses the challenges encountered during the implementation of the RPL projects before concluding with recommendations, highlighting the aspects required for quality RPL in an emerging economy. It closes by emphasising the importance of conducting tracer studies to determine impact and the need to provide complementary training during the RPL process.     

Strategic transfer: A tool for academic problem solving

Within the context of classroom learning, strategic transfer can be viewed as a tool for academic problem solving. Strategic transfer is defined as the spontaneous access and retrieval (remembering) of previously learned formal procedures for the successful solution of a problem. The transfer-appropriate processing encoding model (Morris, Bransford, and Franks, 1977), and the transfer-appropriate procedures retrieval model (Roediger, Weldon, and Challis, 1989) are reviewed. An integration of the two models is proposed through the development of a training-for-transfer paradigm (Phye, 1990). By integrating encoding and retrieval processing in a single transfer paradigm the issue of accessing prior knowledge (Bransford, 1990) that is also referred to as the inert knowledge problem (Whitehead, 1929) can directly be addressed.     

广义正定矩阵的逆与行列式

在本文中(1)证明了参考文献[2]与[3]中所定义的两类广义正定矩阵的逆仍是同种类型的广义正定矩阵;(2)给出了参考文献[2]中广义正定矩阵的行列式满足如下不等式|A|≤a_(n n)P_(n-1)这里P_(n-1)是A的n-1阶顺序主子式.进一步有|A|≤a_(n n)a_(n-1 n-1)…a_(22)a_(11)     

Weibull分布下双应力交叉步加试验的逆矩估计法

论述了Weibull分布下双应力交叉步加试验的时间折算公式及数据统计分析的逆矩估计法。     

漫画刍议--从漫画进课堂说起

试从对中国漫画艺术的回顾，阐述对漫画的艺术形式、漫画的社会功能、漫画的艺术造型等问题的观点，澄清人们长期 对漫画艺术的一些误解，以利于漫画课堂教学的实施。     

Backwards writing: An unexpected ability in writing

Summary The case of a left-handed female patient is described who presented serious problems in learning how to write during childhood, particularly in relation to directionality and letter sequence. The patient then learned to write correctly with her left hand, but practiced and maintained her ability to write backwards (from the last letter to the first). Implications of the case are discussed.Send Correspondence to Dr. Alfredo Ardila, Miami Institute of Psychology of the Caribbean Center for Advanced Studies, 8180 NW 36 Street, Second floor, Miami, Florida 33166-6612.