李攀龙诗歌艺术散论

李攀龙为后七子之首,标举复古旗帜,倡“文必秦汉,诗必盛唐”。其人简倨、正直、爱国。其诗雄浑峻洁、沉著意真、规模典范;具有高蹈的爱国情怀,浓烈的美刺精神和孤傲的人生态度。他在明清诗歌史上具有重要地位。     

False-performance feedback does not affect punching forces and pacing of elite boxers

Prior research indicates that providing participants with positive augmented feedback tends to enhance motor learning and performance, whereas the opposite occurs with negative feedback. However, the majority of studies were conducted with untrained participants performing unfamiliar motor tasks and so it remains unclear if elite athletes completing familiar tasks respond in a similar fashion. Thus, this study investigated the effects of three different versions of false-performance feedback on punching force (N), pacing (force over time) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in 15 elite amateur male boxers. Athletes completed a simulated boxing bout consisting of three rounds with 84 maximal effort punches delivered to a punching integrator on four separate days. Day one was a familiarisation session in which no feedback was provided. In the following three days athletes randomly received false-positive, false-negative and false-neutral feedback on their punching performance between each round. No statistical or meaningful differences were observed in punching forces, pacing or RPE between conditions (P > 0.05; ≤ 2%). These null results could stem from the elite status of the athletes involved, the focus on performance rather than learning, or they may indicate that false feedback has a less potent effect on performance than previously thought.     

The effects of attentional focus instructions on punching velocity and impact forces among trained combat athletes

Research indicates that instructing athlete’s to focus on bodily movements (internal focus of attention [IFA]) may hinder performance, whereas instructing them to focus on the movement outcome (external focus of attention [EFA]) often enhances performance. Despite the importance of instructions in striking combat sports, limited research has examined the influence of IFA and EFA on performance in well-trained combat athletes. This study investigated the effects of different instructional cues on punching velocity (m · s^?1) and normalised impact forces (N · kg^?1) among intermediate (n = 8) and expert (n = 7) competitive boxers and kickboxers. Athletes completed three rounds of 12 maximal effort punches delivered to a punching integrator on three separate days. Day one was a familiarisation session with only control instructions provided. In the following two days athletes randomly received IFA, EFA or control instructions prior to each of the three rounds. Athletes punching with EFA were 4% faster and 5% more forceful than IFA (P < 0.05), and 2% faster and 3% more forceful than control (P < 0.05). Furthermore, experts punched 11% faster and with 13% greater force compared with intermediate athletes (P < 0.05). EFA led to a positive effect on punching performance and should be favoured over IFA and control instructions.     

成年女性髋关节卧位后伸时肌肉激活及运动模式研究

目的:研究成年女性在卧位臀部肌肉伸展时,是否存在一致的、可以区别的肌肉激活顺序。同时,探讨语言提示对髋部肌肉激活和运动的影响;方法:让受试者按照无语言提示、语言提示特定肌肉的条件进行测试。当受试者处于卧位髋部伸展时,测量髋部和膝部的角度,测试臀大肌、腘肌中部、腘肌外侧的肌电数据;结果:在无语言提示条件下,受试者的髋肌激活按照腘肌中部、腘肌外侧、臀大肌的顺序进行。与之相比,3块肌肉在语言提示条件下,在不同的运动阶段,呈现出不同的肌肉激活和运动状态;结论:健康成年女性在卧位髋部伸展时,肌肉激活存在一致的顺序,而语言提示可以改变激活时间、幅度及运动状态。该研究可以为腰部、髋部肌肉疼痛女性患者的康复提供理论与方法。     

反讽理解实验研究综观

为了验证反讽交际认知与理解理论假设的心理现实性,人们做了大量的实验研究,试图寻找实验数据佐证其语用认知心理过程,揭示其语用认知规律和语用认知特征,实验检测的内容包括反讽理解的能力、反讽理解的心理过程以及哪些因素影响反讽理解。结果显示,具备辨别非字面话语的一般认知能力是对反讽做出正确理解的必要基础,至于影响反讽理解的因素以及反讽理解的心理过程,目前没有一致结论。     

认知视角下反讽言语的面子维护功能初探

反讽言语可以用来表达批评、否定等负面含义,表达期望、惊讶、赞美等情绪,还可以产生幽默效果。研究证明,一种叫做认知偏差作用模式的认知机制产生的对立效应能够对反讽话语主要语用功能(指责,幽默,惊讶,期望,赞美)的语用效力产生预测作用。本文主要探讨认知模式下的对立效应与反讽言语其他语用功能---面子维护功能的表现力度之间的关系。     

心系天下的美丽——《诸将五首》的审美价值和讽喻风格

《诸将五首》的审美价值主要呈现于贯穿全篇的情感、思维的跨越和典故的运用之中,其讽喻风格则呈现了一种内敛化、全局化的政治眼光和讽刺意味的淡化。从审美价值和讽喻风格两个方面对其进行解读,从而认为其中的变化都需要还原到作者人生的经历和思想的变化过程中去审视,重新建构只是建立在文本解读之上的判定标准。     

New Resources for Childbirth Educators and Parents

In this column, reviewers offer perspectives and comments on a variety of new media resources for childbirth educators and for expectant and new parents. The topics of DVDs and books reviewed here include fatherhood, labor-support techniques, optimal labor positions, infant massage, breastfeeding, healthy nutrition during the childbearing year, understanding a newborn''s cues, personal viewpoints on cesarean birth, and postpartum massage.     

“百花文学”浅论

“百花文学”在一个特殊的时代为中国现当代文学贡献了“新质”。这一独特的文学存在,不仅上承20世纪50年代以前中国文学的良好范式,而且开启了“新时期”文学的先河,具有积极影响。文章通过文本分析,从新英雄传奇、问题小说、家庭文学和讽刺文学四个维度考量“百花文学”的文学价值。     

论中国现代讽刺喜剧的政治化

抗日战争全面爆发以后，中国的现代讽刺喜剧进入了普遍而迅速的政治化时期。政治化为其带来了深刻的影响：在高度概括性基础上的对于社会重大主题的表现和调刺风格、样态的多样化；另一方面，那种大一统的思维定势和将喜剧工具化的认识也为其带来了明显的历史局限性。