Does modality matter? A latent profile and transition analysis of sedentary behaviours among school-aged youth: The UP&DOWN study

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to identify profiles of sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns, based on leisure-time self-reported SB modalities (screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and to evaluate changes in these profiles over 2 years among Spanish youth aged 8–18 years. Latent profile analysis (LPA), a data-driven analytic approach, was used to identify groups of boys and girls (n = 1553; 48% girls; mean±SD age: 12.56 ± 2.49 y) with distinct SB profiles using the SB modalities (time/d) as input variables. Latent transition analysis, an extension of LPA that uses longitudinal data, was used to analyse 2-year changes in these profiles. At baseline, four and three SB profiles were found among boys (labelled: screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and girls (labelled: screen/social, educative, and relaxing), respectively. Overall, more girls (range: 48%-67%) had the same profile over time, than boys (40%-52%). Participants with a screen or relaxing SB profile at baseline were more likely to have an educative profile after 2 years. Youth with a social and an educative SB profile at baseline were more likely to transition to profiles characterized by higher screen and social SB, respectively. Using a novel and person-centered approach, this study identified gender-specific SB profiles that were moderately stable over time.     

Syllable-based reading improvement: Effects on word reading and reading comprehension in Grade 2

This study examined the effects of a syllable-based reading intervention for German second graders who demonstrated difficulties in the recognition of written words. The intervention focused on fostering word reading via syllable segmentation. The materials consisted of the 500 most frequent syllables typically read by 6- to 8-year-old children. The aims were to practice phonological recoding, consolidate orthographic representations of syllables, and routinize the access to these representations. Compared to children randomly assigned to a wait-list group, poor readers in the treatment condition showed significant improvements in standardized measures of phonological recoding, direct word recognition, and text-based reading comprehension after the 24-session intervention. Poor readers in the treatment condition also showed greater improvements in development of word recognition compared to children with efficient word recognition skills. The results provide evidence that a syllable-based reading intervention is a promising approach to increase struggling readers’ word recognition skills, which in turn will improve their reading comprehension.     

‘I would say nine times out of 10 they come to the LSA rather than the teacher’. The role of teaching assistants in supporting children's mental health

This research explored how seven primary school teaching assistants (TAs) experienced their role in supporting children's mental health. Interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The participants believed that they supported children's mental health and particularly referenced the close relationships that they formed with children. Throughout their accounts of supporting children, the TAs referenced helpful factors (e.g. support from other staff) and challenges (e.g. hierarchy) within the school system. Supporting children’s mental health was an emotional experience for the TAs; they discussed the rewarding element, however, the topic also elicited fear. The findings provide several implications for school staff and external professionals about how TAs can be supported in their role. These include involving TAs in training opportunities, providing TAs with supervision, considering communication systems in schools, and introducing a mental health policy.     

面向幼儿发展的表现性评价实践研究

本研究采用表现性评价,对x幼儿园大班一个班级39名幼儿进行为期一年的发展性评价,在真实情境中对幼儿的发展状况作出连续性评价,获悉幼儿不同阶段的发展状况,同时对评价过程进行总结和反思。     

我国艺术体操集体项目艺术值加分分值偏低的现状分析与对策——2002年5A杯全国艺术体操冠军赛调研

采用比赛现场与录相观察、献研究、访问调查等方法，对5A杯全国艺术体操冠军赛集体项目A2加分分值偏低现象做分析，结果表明：独创性的加分是一个空白；身体动作使用的加分因难度不成立而不能给予加分的现象普遍存在；器械的使用加分因器械运用单调和与难度配合时不合规则要求而不能加分的数量过半；熟练性加分因抛器械高度不够，或接器械时未能达到规则要求而不能加分的数量达2／3，目前只有运动员之间合作的加分是我国集体项目A2加分中的主力。     

幼儿乳酸阈值及无氧阈心率的初步研究

对33名幼儿乳酸阈及其心率值进行测定,结果显示:3～5岁幼儿AT时血乳酸水平显著低于成人及青少年;幼儿亚极量强度运动后乳酸峰值大多出现在负荷后1min,反映了幼儿机体代谢的特异性.此实验结果可为幼儿有关生理机能和能量代谢的研究提供参数,所测得的乳酸阈心率值将为幼儿健身、减肥、增高等运动处方中运动强度控制提供科学依据.     

健身瑜伽对中老年女性慢性腰痛的防治研究

为研究健身瑜伽对中老年女性慢性腰痛的防治效应,将70名中老年慢性腰痛病人分成A、B两组,C组由正常组35名无腰痛病史的中老年女性组成.对A、C进行9个月健身瑜伽训练.运用Neuromatic 2000 M/C神经肌电仪测试各组训练前后骶棘肌肌电指标,PPX-L型双能X线骨度仪测量各组训练前后骨密度值,分别进行组间比较.结果:慢性腰痛组(A、B)训练前腰背肌波幅低于正常组(P<0.01)时程大于正常组(P<0.01),训练之后腰痛组(A)和正常组(C)波幅都得到提高(P<0.01和P<0.05)时程都降低(P<0.01和P<0.05).疗效评定得出慢性腰痛治愈显效率达82.86%.结论:健身瑜伽对中老年女性慢性腰痛具有较好的防治作用.     

浙江省湖州市3～6岁幼儿体质现状及发展规律的研究

对湖州市3～6岁幼儿体质进行分析研究的结果表明:湖州市3～6岁幼儿体质状况优良,总体水平好于全国汉族水平,但体质发展趋势随年龄而下降;部分指标低于全国汉族水平;不良的饮食习惯、疾病和体育锻炼缺乏是制约湖州市3～6岁幼儿生长发育的主要因素.     

高住低训对运动员身体成分的影响

为了确切了解运动员在高住低训过程中身体成分的变化,本研究将14名大学生分为:高住低训组(HiLo组)和高住对照组(Hi c组),每组7人,每天低压低氧(2500m模拟高度)暴露12小时。HiLo组每天在常压常氧环境下进行一次3000m跑训练;Hi c组在实验期间不进行任何运动训练。实验为期4周。结果表明,高住低训组体重、体脂重量和体脂百分比明显下降(P<0 05),其他指标稍有降低,但变化不明显(P>0 05)。高住对照组体重、体脂重量、体脂百分比明显下降(P<0 05),其他指标几乎没有变化。模拟高住低训组和高住对照组体重明显降低,瘦体重和肌肉重量无明显变化,而体脂重量和体脂百分比明显降低,说明体重的降低是体脂重量降低的结果。本实验采用的高住模型对蛋白分解作用无明显影响,但机体却选择性利用脂肪供能。而2500m间歇低氧暴露结合训练具有轻微的促蛋白分解效应。     

Should Children Attend Their Parent's Funerals?

The paper discusses elements of the findings of 'Iceberg', a doctoral study at the University of York addressing many issues of child bereavement through a retrospective study of nearly one hundred individuals who had either experienced the death of a parent when they were at school, or were the surviving parent of such a child. The research revealed issues of lack of control and information for children after a parental death. Forty-seven per cent of those in the study attended the funeral of their parent. There was correlation between the age of children and attendance at the funeral. Of the fifty-three per cent of children not attending, twenty-four per cent of them were forbidden to attend, whilst eleven per cent of them were distracted from attending the funeral, such as being sent to school or a neighbours and being unaware that it was taking place. None of the children attending the funeral reported any negative experiences, and two thirds of them reported it as a positive or helpful event. In contrast, over three-quarters of those not attending later wished that they had. Over a third had feelings of regret, others feeling that they had been excluded from the family at the time of the death, and felt anger, hurt, and frustration. The conclusion was that the best strategy is to give children informed choice about whether or not to attend. If children do attend a negative outcome seems unlikely, but it would be prudent to prepare them as to what to expect at the ceremony.