微观经济理论的发展、扬弃提炼与缺陷分析——发达国家微观经济理论的批判与借鉴

发达国家微观经济理论以生产要素的合理配置为基础和研究核心,着重分析劳动力、资本、土地等生产要素的使用与相互替代,这也符合从生产力的角度研究企业及企业生产效率的提高问题;而现代企业理论则着重从生产关系的角度研究企业,虽然现代企业理论家并不懂得这一点;完全与不完全竞争市场中企业行为理论则着重研究企业与市场竞争形态的关系,从而确定企业行为。微观经济理论研究有许多方法,基础性分析建立在企业竞争行为、产品价格和供求规律基础上,随着经济实践的发展博弈论、信息经济学及不确定性逐步产生。但是无论研究内容还是方法发达国家微观经济理论都存在严重缺陷需要再认识     

Evaluating a technology supported interactive response system during the laboratory section of a histology course

Monitoring of student learning through systematic formative assessment is important for adjusting pedagogical strategies. However, traditional formative assessments, such as quizzes and written assignments, may not be sufficiently timely for making adjustments to a learning process. Technology supported formative assessment tools assess student knowledge, allow for immediate feedback, facilitate classroom dialogues, and have the potential to modify student learning strategies. As an attempt to integrate technology supported formative assessment in the laboratory section of an upper‐level histology course, the interactive application Learning Catalytics^TM, a cloud‐based assessment system, was used. This study conducted during the 2015 Histology courses at Cornell University concluded that this application is helpful for identifying student misconceptions “on‐the‐go,” engaging otherwise marginalized students, and forming a new communication venue between students and instructors. There was no overall difference between grades from topics that used the application and grades from those that did not, and students reported that it only slightly helped improve their understanding of the topic (3.8 ± 0.99 on a five‐point Likert scale). However, they highly recommended using it (4.2 ± 0.71). The major limitation was regarding the image display and graphical resolution of this application. Even though students embrace the use of technology, 39% reported benefits of having the traditional light microscope available. This cohort of students led instructors to conclude that the newest tools are not always better, but rather can complement traditional instruction methods. Anat Sci Educ 10: 328–338. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.     

浅淡有关温度和内能的几个问题

本文讨论了温度和热量这两个热学中常用的物理量,阐述了两者的关系,并联系热力学第一定律,分析了与之相关的内能、功和热量等概念,对功和热量的异同之处提出若干看法。     

20世纪物理学对人类社会的深刻影响

相对论和量子力学奠定了20世纪近代物理学的发展基础，相继取得了人们在原子能、航天、激光、超导、信息、纳米等一系列现代高新技术的广泛应用，对人类社会产生了深刻的影响；近代物理学发展的特点是向“微观世界”和“宇观空间”进军，向“新事物”和“复杂性”进军，形成了从基础性研究到促进高新技术应用的新发展模式；物理学发展的基本观点是“彻底唯物”和“批判性”的，物理学理论体现了“简单、对称、和谐”的美。     

显微网络互动多媒体系统在遗传学实验教学中的应用效果

在遗传学实验教学中运用显微网络互动多媒体系统,弥补了单纯使用显微镜的不足;教师的演示、学生的反馈更及时,教师的指导更具有针对性,并加强了信息沟通和互动;强大的图片采集、保存与处理功能,有利于激发学生的实验兴趣,有利于加深对理论知识的理解;多画面的监控转播功能,可控制教学进度,提高实验课程效率和教学效果。     

不同处理条件对洋葱鳞茎表皮细胞骨架形态影响的研究

细胞骨架是活细胞的重要结构,研究细胞骨架的形态对于进一步研究其功能具有重要意义。本研究以洋葱为材料,设置了4个不同的1％Triton X-100抽提非骨架蛋白时间（10min、15min、25min、40min）对洋葱细胞骨架显微观察的关键条件进行了优化,同时分析了细胞环境温度（-18℃、4℃、20℃、50℃）,紫外线照射活细胞（0min、60min）,0．1mol／L Ca^2＋处理及0．1％秋水仙素处理对洋葱细胞骨架形态观察效果的影响。结果表明：1％Triton X-100抽提非骨架蛋白25min观察效果较好;-18℃、50℃,紫外线辐射60min,0．1mol／L Ca^2＋和秋水仙素处理均会影响细胞骨架的观察。     

体育课程微观结构与体育精品课程建设

基于新型学习方式之上,对建设体育精品课程所需的课程微观结构进行研究。表明:社会转型期体育课程微观结构由内容结构和载体结构两个纬度构成;内容结构以单元形式呈现,包括体育教学主题、体育教学任务、体育教学评价标准;载体结构由体育教学大纲、体育教材、体育网络课件组成。认为:开展体育精品课程建设应注重利用先进的体育教学方法和手段,加强多媒体体育教育资源建设,利用信息技术促进学生学习方式的变革。     

“毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论”课价值基点的三维分析

大学生思想政治素质的实际水平是"概论"课的微观价值基点;"概论"课独特的价值地位是"概论"课的中观价值基点;国际国内社会的政治经济文化现实是"概论"课的宏观价值基点。"概论"课作为理论课,衡量其价值的科学标准最终只能是社会实践。     

A prospective,randomized crossover study comparing direct inspection by light microscopy versus projected images for teaching of hematopathology to medical students

Instruction in hematopathology at Mayo Medical School has evolved from instructor‐guided direct inspection under the light microscope (laboratory method), to photomicrographs of glass slides with classroom projection (projection method). These methods have not been compared directly to date. Forty‐one second‐year medical students participated in this pilot study, a prospective, randomized, crossover study measuring educational performance during a hematology pathophysiology course. The students were randomized to one of two groups. All students received the same didactic lectures in the classroom and subsequent case‐based review of peripheral blood smears using either laboratory or projection methods, on day one with a crossover to the other method on day two. Pre‐ and post‐test examinations centered on morphology recognition measured educational performance on each day, followed by a questionnaire identifying the student's favored method. There was no significant difference in the pre‐test and post‐test scores between the two teaching methods (rank‐sum P = 0.43). Students overwhelmingly preferred the projection method and perceived it as superior (76%), although post‐test scores were not significantly different. Student's recommended method was split with 50% favoring the projection method, 43% favoring a combined approach, and 23% noting logistical challenges to the laboratory. In this study, the laboratory and projection method were equivalent in terms of educational performance for hematopathology among medicals students. A classroom‐based approach such as the projection method is favored, given the large class sizes in undergraduate medical education, as well as the ergonomic challenges and additional resources required for large group instruction in a laboratory setting. Anat Sci Educ 7: 130–134. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

Evaluation of usage of virtual microscopy for the study of histology in the medical,dental, and veterinary undergraduate programs of a UK University

This article describes the introduction of a virtual microscope (VM) that has allowed preclinical histology teaching to be fashioned to better suit the needs of approximately 900 undergraduate students per year studying medicine, dentistry, or veterinary science at the University of Bristol, United Kingdom. Features of the VM implementation include: (1) the facility for students and teachers to make annotations on the digital slides; (2) in‐house development of VM‐based quizzes that are used for both formative and summative assessments; (3) archiving of teaching materials generated each year, enabling students to access their personalized learning resources throughout their programs; and (4) retention of light microscopy capability alongside the VM. Student feedback on the VM is particularly positive about its ease of use, the value of the annotation tool, the quizzes, and the accessibility of all components off‐campus. Analysis of login data indicates considerable, although variable, use of the VM by students outside timetabled teaching. The median number of annual logins per student account for every course exceeded the number of timetabled histology classes for that course (1.6–3.5 times). The total number of annual student logins across all cohorts increased from approximately 9,000 in the year 2007–2008 to 22,000 in the year 2010–2011. The implementation of the VM has improved teaching and learning in practical classes within the histology laboratory and facilitated consolidation and revision of material outside the laboratory. Discussion is provided of some novel strategies that capitalize on the benefits of introducing a VM, as well as strategies adopted to overcome some potential challenges. Anat Sci Educ 7: 389–398. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.