类别学习多重系统理论研究述评

多重系统理论从一个新的视角解释类别学习,丰富了类别学习的理论,与其他理论相比,显得更具有灵活性。但是,多重系统理论的研究还存在需要改进的方面,其中包括平衡两种类别结构的难度差异,以及研究方法和手段上的改进等。     

前瞻记忆的生理机制研究综述

从认知神经科学研究、神经心理学研究以及年老相关差异研究三个方面对前瞻记忆的生理机制研究进行综述。大部分研究表明,前瞻记忆的生理基础和前额叶以及丘脑、颞叶的功能有关。文章还对今后研究方向做了展望。     

自我的神经心理学研究进展

本文介绍了自我的神经心理学研究,并解释了神经心理学的研究方法如何促进理解自我的本质。自我的神经心理学研究主要集中在两个方面自我参照加工和自我面孔再认,发现尽管许多病人的认知存在缺陷,但他们的自我人格特质知识保存完好;另外,还发现大脑右半球与自我面孔再认有密切的关系。     

Communicating Love or Fear: The Role of Attachment Styles in Pathways to Giftedness

Although both giftedness and secure attachment are associated with advanced language and good socioemotional adjustment, not all gifted children are well adjusted. This article explores the consequences of attachment style on gifted development and examines whether early trauma can be rectified. The dearth of research on giftedness and attachment has necessitated the review of less direct evidence, including brain research and maternal depression. A partly empirical, partly conceptual picture is drawn to demonstrate that attachment styles can support, reduce, and even prevent giftedness. This is further illustrated by an experiment involving IQ scores that mimics the expected effects of early trauma and insecure attachment on test performance. The article concludes by suggesting that attachment style may contribute to a gifted spectrum.     

Foop is still floop: A six year follow-up of phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia

A six year follow-up of a previously documented case of developmental phonological dyslexia, is reported. Overal reading and spelling levels have risen significantly, but the qualitative nature of the performance has remained unchanged: impaired non-word reading; morphological and visuo-semantic paralexias; and function word substitutions in text. Rhyming skills also remain impaired. A higher proportion of errors are paralexias and within these a higher proportion are visuo-semantic or morphological. The error pattern of phonological dylexia is thus more pronounced than before. In spelling, only a minority of errors are phonologically plausible. There is no evidence of the mastery of the alphabetic stage of reading or the alphabetic stage of spelling. It is argued that A.H. is reading orthographically not logographically and that current reading models, which require passage through an alphabetic stage before attaining an orthographic stage, do not adequately account for individual variation in the acquisition of literacy skills.This work was supported by a research award from the Wolfson Foundation. Requests for reprints should be addressed to Dr. Christine Temple, The Neuropsychology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HE, United Kingdom.