Empowerment for individual agency: an analysis of international organizations’ curriculum recommendations

Much recent research stresses the increasing relevance of international organisations (IOs) for national education policymaking. Yet, IOs’ curriculum recommendations have remained largely out of scope, although they provide a forceful example of ‘soft’ governance. Based on a content analysis of 83 documents from 42 inter/-nongovernmental, global and regional organisations involved in international education networks between 1990 and 2015, this paper identifies an expansive field of IOs directing growing attention to such curricular issues as student needs, educational goals and content, as well as issues of teaching and learning. In line with much cross-national curriculum research, analysis provides evidence for the trend towards a global curriculum model stressing empowerment, individual agency and psychosocial development. The article argues that the strong focus on human capabilities and human capital in IOs’ curriculum policies reflects wider cultural transformations in contemporary world society. The article concludes by arguing for an expanded analytical scope of IOs’ educational work and a reconsideration of causal explanations in curriculum theories.     

非营利性组织在体育公共服务中的作用

通过对非营利性组织基本理论的梳理,分析了上海市体育领域非营利性组织的现状,并对非营利组织在体育公共服务中的作用进行定位,并就如何发挥这一作用进行思考     

我国体育产业发展中公益与商业投资关系研究

我国体育产业从公益事业向产业化发展的过程中，始终面临着一个问题，那就是其中多大成分是公益，多大成分是商业，这个问题也导出了国家在体育公益事业上的投资与产业商业投资之间的合作、冲突和矛盾如何处理的问题。其实体育产业中的公益投资与商业投资具有相互促进、相互补充的关系，政府与企业之间可以相互融资，或者通过政府采购服务的方式，保证两种投资关系的合理和效益最大化。     

浅谈非营利性医院承包(出租)医疗资源情况成因及对策

20世纪80年代中期以来，“看病难、看病贵”等问题日益突出，一些不法的出租承包者受利益驱动，在合法医疗机构的“外衣”下，虚假宣传诊疗效果、误导坑骗患者，牟取不正当利益，危害了人民群众的身体健康和生命安全。针对当前医疗服务领域出现的这些问题，日前省厅组织了非营利性医疗机构承包（出租）医疗资源情况的行业审计调查。调查结果发现仍有部分非营利性医疗机构违规经营，存在不少的问题。本文就如何治理医疗机构出租承包以及合作现象提出了建设性的建议，对加强卫生监管，完善医疗服务市场机制等问题进行了深入思考。     

Religion in Chinese education: from denial to cooperation†

In China, from the founding of the People's Republic of China to the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, it was thought that religion would disappear with the development of society and the freedom not to believe in religion was stressed. During the Cultural Revolution religion became the object of oppression. However, from the end of the Cultural Revolution in the late 1970s to date, the long‐term existence of religion came to be accepted. Searching for cooperation between socialism and religion, ways in which religion could effectively contribute to modernisation began to be put forward. In comparison with the previous situation, the current period is marked by a much more tolerant policy. If one looks at religion in education, first, at the level of legal codes, the separation of public education and religion is extolled based on the rule of separation of religion and state. And, it is clearly forbidden to engage in activities that use religion to interfere with educational activities. This applies to ethnic minorities as well. Second, be this as it may, religion is touched upon at all levels of education. For example, at the level of high school education, the distribution of the three major world religions is explained and many other religions are introduced. Moreover, the culture and customs of some religions are introduced. In higher education, in universities and graduate schools, the Religious Studies major has been created for the training of those in charge of regulating religions as well as scholars. Third, several of the religions recognised by the Chinese government have developed institutions to train personnel. Furthermore, some of these institutions are working in cooperation with institutions of higher education to offer programmes of study. In this way, especially following the end of the Cultural Revolution, cooperation between socialism and religion was sought. And, coexistence with ethnic minority groups, which believe in a number of different religions, was considered. And yet, within school education, the treatment of religion is strictly limited. Only education that aims at a basic knowledge of religion is conducted. There are significant national differences in the relationship between education and religion. It would be fruitful for China to reconsider this relationship, taking account of developments in other countries, in the present situation where the Chinese government has a more tolerant policy towards religion.     

At the Interface of School and Work

The current emphasis that organisations are placing upon knowledge and the corresponding attention that workplace epistemological values are receiving within the educational community has resulted in an interesting convergence of discourses—school-based and work-based. Even as workplaces are tending toward abstraction over practice—based knowing, schools are being nudged into doing the reverse. The result of this ferment is that traditional barriers between these kinds of knowledge are being removed. As can be seen from workplace examples, it is possible for liberal learning to be in the service of instrumental ends. So too schools may come to see more clearly the value of situatedness and team-work in the transaction of liberal learning. More generally, we see also new possibilities for retreat from received views about the worth of practical knowledge.     

Getting a foot in the door: how organisational characteristics shape recruitment decisions in the dual apprenticeship system

Employers’ recruitment behaviour in entry labour markets is central for young people’s transitions from school to work. Whereas previous research has focused on the effects of specific applicant characteristics, I concentrate on how organisational characteristics, namely organisation size and private or public sector affiliation, relate to selection decisions in the dual apprenticeship system in Germany which is a major entry labour market. Following organisational and institutional theory, I expect early selection stages to be more open at larger and public organisations in contrast to smaller private organisations. I also investigate how different organisations respond to school grades as applicants’ signals of skills. I use field experiment data combining organisational-level and applicant-level data to analyse how actual employer responses to written applications by fictitious young people vary with organisation type. The results indicate that, net of applicant characteristics and occupation-specific practices, applications are more likely to receive an invitation to a follow-up selection stage if submitted to larger organisations, and especially larger public organisations, rather than to smaller private organisations. This finding extends to applicants with poorer school grades. Public sector affiliation, however, did not seem to matter much within the group of smaller organisations.     

美、德、日非营利科研机构的税收政策比较研究

分析了以美国、德国和日本为典型代表的发达国家非营利科研机构的税收政策.从总体上看,发达国家的非营利科研机构的税收政策主要包括：对非营利性科研机构的收入税收优惠政策、对捐赠者的税收优惠政策.探讨了对我国的非营利科研机构税收政策制定的几点启示.     

非营利体育组织研究述评

在加强社会管理和建设体育强国的背景下,非营利体育组织作为社会系统中与政府、企业平行的"第三部门",将发挥越来越重要的作用。本文通过相关文献的回顾,旨在梳理非营利体育组织与体育社团、体育协会、体育志愿者组织、体育事业单位、体育慈善基金会等在认识、概念、理论等方面的相互关系,针对现有研究中存在的4个不足,提出了进一步研究需要探讨的8个重要选题。     

中国建立图书馆之友组织的研究

图书馆之友是西方图书馆界争取社会援助的有力组织。在对我国寻求社会支持的必要性和可行性考察之后,笔者对我国建立图书馆之友组织的策略及方法进行思考,认为我国具有建立图书馆之友的广阔空间,但需要依靠政府、行业协会以及图书馆馆长、馆员的共同努力来谋求发展。文章对图书馆之友具体的结构模式和活动策划提出建议。