The Metamorphosis of Industrial Designers from Novices to Experts

Professional training for designers is crucial in the field of design studies. The characteristics of novices versus those of expert designers have been identified in the literature; however, studies exploring the issue of professional training processes in the actual workplace are not well developed. Our study addresses the topic by using qualitative research methods along with flexible design. Collected data from the interviewees with different work experience were analysed by open, axial and selective coding. Herein, we argue that the processes by which a designer transforms from a novice into an expert in the industry are constructed through the interaction of several complicated factors. The re‐learning inherent in design professions is implemented through knowledge transfer gained from participation in design projects, particularly regarding tacit knowledge. Also, the novice's process of learning and training yields the characteristics and skills that companies and firms require of designers; this process involves a series of disciplinary sub‐processes, from destructive to reconstructive, implemented by employers. In these sub‐processes, the subjectivity of designers is neglected, leading to the suppression of imaginative expression and feelings of alienation among these workers.     

清代山西票号的激励机制及其对当代银行监管的启示

票号是19世纪中国历史上一个重要的金融组织，其中，最负盛名的是山西票号，它在没有政府监管的情况下，繁荣昌盛近一个世纪，后因战乱不断才逐渐倒闭并消失。山西票号的经营制度深谙委托代理之道，也就是今天在经济学界大行其道的激励理论，并形成了一套行之有效的激励机制。尽管时代和环境都发生了变化，激励问题是永恒的。山西票号的激励制度的启示对当代中国银行业监管效率的改进是有益的。     

台湾公立中小学候用校长遴选考试制度探析

当前台湾公立中小学候用校长遴选考试制度包括资格审查、初试、复试三个阶段,优秀者得以选拔成为公立中小学校长之高素质、专业化的后备力量。鉴于此,大陆可考虑适当提高新任中小学校长的学历要求,完善他们的专业智能结构,并可试点考试建立中小学校长准入制度。     

Anti-bullying procedures for schools in Ireland: principals’ responses and perceptions

The role of the principal is imperative in creating a school climate that nurtures differences and equality at the same time. Policy and legislation in Ireland dictates the responsibility of school principals in preventing and intervening in issues relating to bullying. The current research investigates the extent to which principals consider the impact of bullying on their students and the strategies they take to combat it in their schools. We consider how principals respond to bullying and what supports they feel are missing for them to adhere to relevant policy. A sample of 918 principals from a range of schools across Ireland completed an online survey. The results demonstrated some positive actions by principals such as the provision of anti-bullying policies. However, they also document areas that need more action such as increased access to counsellors and appointing a specific staff member to deal with and tackle bullying in each school. Guidance from the Department of Education and Skills in Ireland on the development and provision of an anti-bullying programme is called for. Results are discussed in light of the current Anti-Bullying Procedures established by the Department of Education and Skills and the Action Plan for Bullying 2013.     

中小学校长资格制度的中外比较及对我国的启示

美国、英国、法国、德国、日本和香港的校长资格制度及其内容要求、认证程序和证书管理都有各自的特点和共性。在中外比较研究的基础上,可以看到我国校长资格制度的不足,建立和完善我国校长资格制度需要采取相应的措施。     

Tenured and non-tenured school principals in Greece: a historical approach

This study deals with the question of tenure/non-tenure of the Greek school principals and its possible impact on their role in the light of the international influences. In developing our theoretical perspective, we draw on the tenure/non-tenure discourse and the centralised bureaucratic and new public management model. After examining the relevant legislation issued from 1836 up to 2015 by following the qualitative content analysis, we find out that in the 1836–1981 period, tenure had become an integral part of the centralised educational system. Since 1981, the introduction of decentralised policies along with the abolition of tenure has resulted in the renewal of the same politics. By linking in a direct way the tenure/non-tenure topic with the international policies, we support the view that in the Greek centralised educational system, school principals have limited power to bring about effective changes at schools regardless of their tenure/non-tenure status.     

英国校长专业开发的理念与模式

英国国家校长培训学院及其9个附属培训中心的成立标志着英国校长专业开发网络的形成。在对英国校长培训的理念、实施和经验等方面加以研究的基础上，展现英国校长培训的最新发展，以供借鉴。     

校长教学领导：内涵、特征与培养策略

随着教育改革的深入推进和教学专业化的凸显,校长不能仅仅扮演行政管理者的角色,还应该成为一名积极的教学领导者。教学领导是校长领导力的核心和关键,它是一种专业领导力。这种专业领导力建立在专业权威和道德权威的基础上,以尊重教师的专业自主权为前提,并表现为多种角色。校长行使教学领导主要通过创建共同愿景、关注课堂、促进教师专业发展、构建中层领导团队等途径实现。校长教学领导力的获得和提升,不仅要通过相关训练来帮助校长提高教学领导的能力,也要减少校长过多的行政负担,但最重要的是校长自身的修炼和提升。     

中小学校长在实施素质教育中的办学角色定位

在中小学教育中,面对家长的强烈诉求、社会的压力,不少校长的办学角色定位产生了偏差,导致学校育人价值功利化,素质教育不能在学校真正实施。实施素质教育必须明确校长是第一责任人,校长办学角色定位必须立足于学生发展,纠正中小学育人价值的功利化取向,营造学生四会的良好学校环境。     

教学模仿在教师专业成长中的作用

文章从教师专业实践知识分析的视角出发,结合案例,剖析新入职教师教学模仿的动机和作用过程,总结出模仿对教师个人知识和教师共同体教学专业发展的促进意义。研究认为,教学模仿不仅有助于新入职教师应对教学初期的不确定感,帮助教师了解实际教育情境中的意义、规范和原则,教学模仿也有助于建设教师实践共同体,是发现和发展教师共同体实践性知识的一种媒介。