Seeking Nettle Textiles – Utilizing a Combination of Microscopic Methods for Fibre Identification

Bast fibres have been commonly used as a textile material in Northern Europe since Neolithic times. However, the process of identifying the different species has been problematic, and many important questions related to their cultural history are still unanswered. For example, a modified Herzog test and the presence of calcium oxalate crystals have both been used in identification. In order to generate more reliable results, further research and advancement in multi-methodological methods is required. This paper introduces a combination of methods which can be used to identify and distinguish flax (Linum usitatissimum), hemp (Cannabis sativa), and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). The research material consisted of reference fibres and 25 fibre samples obtained from 12 textiles assumed to be made of nettle. The textiles were from the Finno-Ugric and Historical Collections of The National Museum of Finland. The fibre samples were studied by observing the surface characteristics and cross sections with transmitted light microscopy, and by using a modified Herzog test with polarized light, in order to identify the distinguishable features in their morphological structures. The study showed that five out of 25 samples were cotton, 16 nettle, one flax, and one hemp. Findings from two samples were inconsistent. The results show that it is possible to distinguish common north European bast fibres from each other by using a combination of microscopic methods. Furthermore, by utilizing these combined methods, new and more reliable information could be obtained from historical ethnographic textiles, which creates new vistas for the interpretation of their cultural history.     

Wearable skin-like optoelectronic systems with suppression of motion artifacts for cuff-less continuous blood pressure monitor

According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, an estimated 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, representing 31% of all global deaths. Continuous non-invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) is essential for the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is difficult to achieve long-term CNAP monitoring with the daily use of current devices due to irritation of the skin as well as the lack of motion artifacts suppression. Here, we report a high-performance skin-like optoelectronic system integrated with ultra-thin flexible circuits to monitor CNAP. We introduce a theoretical model via the virtual work principle for predicting the precise blood pressure and suppressing motion artifacts, and propose optical difference in the frequency domain for stable optical measurements in terms of skin-like devices. We compare the results with the blood pressure acquired by invasive (intra-arterial) blood pressure monitoring for >1500 min in total on 44 subjects in an intensive care unit. The maximum absolute errors of diastolic and systolic blood pressure were ±7/±10 mm Hg, respectively, in immobilized, and ±10/±14 mm Hg, respectively, in walking scenarios. These strategies provide advanced blood pressure monitoring techniques, which would directly address an unmet clinical need or daily use for a highly vulnerable population.     

绿色化学浅谈

化学工业在给人类带来丰富的新产品的同时，也给人类带来了严重的环境污染。于是，绿色化学应运而生，绿色化学的理想在于不再使用有毒、有害的物质，不再产生废物，不再处理废物，它是一门从源头上阻止污染的化学。本文简要介绍了绿色化学的起源、特点、原则和研究进展。     

用于超微弱发光研究的多通道光谱系统设计

光子计数成像采集系统是生物超微弱发光的光子计数研究的基本工具，通过自行设计的多通道光谱系统，扩展了现行的PIAS的测量功能，使之能对超微弱发光进行光谱测量，这在国内外均不多见．本对PIAS的工作原理和自行设计的多通道光谱系统都进行了说明，并给出了超微弱发光光子计数和光谱的测量结果．     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定废水中不同价态铬的含量

建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定不同价态铬含量的方法。该方法的检出限为0.029mg·L-1;相对标准偏差为0.54%;平均加标回收率为99.3%;利用此分析方法测定了废水中不同价态铬的含量,结果令人满意。     

全光纤无源耦合器件制作过程中的实践创新能力培养

结合本科生毕业设计“全光纤光功率比耦合器件的制备”的实践过程,在理论上基于光波的耦合波方程,对熔融拉锥单模光纤耦合器的功率耦合比与拉伸长度、拉伸位置和损耗的关系进行数值模拟,使本科生在毕业设计的有限时间内掌握一种基本软件工具。通过设计过程中的实践活动,学生在指导教师的科研理念引导下,利用实验室现有的设备制作出2×2型、单窗口1×2型1550 nm和1310 nm宽带耦合器, 并完成了对制备出的光纤耦合器的光功率和光谱的检测。在实践教学过程中,突出体现了知识、能力、科研素质提高和创新能力的培养。通过无源耦合器件的制备,培养了学生的实践动手能力和科研思维能力, 为今后的学习或就业奠定了良好的基础。     

光学分层成像法重建火焰温度场的理论和实验研究

提出了一种测量三维火焰温度的新方法 .根据光学分层成像理论 ,三维火焰可以看成若干个互相平行的二维发光断层的组合 .用高速摄像控制系统沿着某一固定方向对火焰进行分层聚焦摄像 ,得到一组辐射图像 ,每个图像都是其对应断层的聚焦像和其它断层离焦像的叠加像 ,运用图像反演算法 ,即可重建各断层的原始图像 ,再用彩色三基色测温方法 ,处理所得到的原始图像 ,即可建立火焰的三维温度场 .通过蜡烛火焰的试验 ,验证了该方法的可行性     

离子轰击引起的场致发射体发射电流跌落的研究

在场致发射器件中 ,发射电流通常会随着工作时间的增加而跌落 .发射电流跌落的机理较为复杂 .本文模拟分析了一次电子从场致发射发射体表面的发射情况 .根据一次电子的电流密度分布和运动轨迹 ,研究残余气体分子的电离 .然后计算正离子在电场中的运动轨迹 ,利用半经验模型分析不同能量的正离子对发射体表面的损伤情况 ,最后估计出在不同残余气压和一次电流下发射电流的衰减     

超支化聚酯的合成及在不同酸度下的聚集形态

以苯-1，2，4-三羧酸-1，2-酐(BTAA)和二乙醇醚为原料合成超支化聚酯，在超支化聚酯的末端用4-氨基-1，8-萘酰亚胺(NVI)作荧光标记，得知在可见光区有强荧光的超支化荧光聚酯，酸度对NPI及荧光超支化聚合物有不同影响。     

使用EXCEL软件讨论透镜的像差问题

球面光学透镜在实际应用中难以形成理想的像。使用EXCEL软件,对球面透镜的偏差进行计算,作图并分析透镜的像差及解决办法。