多元化教学在中西医结合专业儿科学教学的应用

根据中西医结合专业儿科学在中西医结合专业人才培养中的地位,从中西医结合儿科学课程的教学目标出发,结合学生的学习特点和教师的教学实践,研究多元化教学方式方法在中西医儿科学课程教学中的应用,具体探索案例法、互动法、模拟法等教学方式方法的实践,完善人才培养过程,提升人才培养质量。     

Three models of child abuse consultations: A qualitative study of inpatient child abuse consultation notes

Child abuse pediatricians have multiple roles in caring for abused children, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and, when needed, expert legal opinion. The child physical abuse consultation differs from the traditional medical consultation in that it has medical, investigative and legal audiences, all of whom have different information needs. How child abuse pediatricians approach their cases and how they document their initial inpatient consultations that will be used by such a diverse audience is currently unexplored. We used content analysis to examine 37 child physical abuse consultation notes from a national sample of child abuse pediatricians in order to understand physicians’ approaches to these consultations. Three commonly used models of child physical abuse consultation were identified in the data that we named the base model, the investigative model, and the family-dynamic model. While model types overlap, each is distinguished by key features including the approach used to gather information, the information recorded, and the language used in documentation. The base model most closely mirrors the traditional medical approach; the investigative model concentrates on triangulation of sources of information; and, the family-dynamic model concentrates on physician perceptions of family relationships. The three models of consultations for child physical abuse mirror the areas of child abuse pediatrics: diagnostic, forensic and therapeutic. These models are considered in relationship to best practice from other medical specialties with forensic components.     

用蛛网图法评估中国科学引文数据库收录的儿科类期刊质量

目的：评估中国科学引文数据库（CSCD）收录的7种儿科类期刊质量。方法：通过“中国科技期刊引证指标数据库”获得7种儿科类期刊2013年的篇均参考文献、被引半衰期、H 指数、引用半衰期、自引率、影响因子、即年指数、自被引率等数据,并将指标按其与期刊质量的正、负相关关系分为两组,分别绘制蛛网图,然后结合7种儿科类期刊的发文情况进行质量评估。结果：以篇均参考文献、影响因子、H 指数、即年指数为一组进行蛛网图法评估,排在前3位的期刊是《中华儿科杂志》《中华实用儿科临床杂志》、《中国循证儿科杂志》;以引用半衰期、自引率、被引半衰期、自被引率为一组进行蛛网图法评估,排在前3位的期刊是《中国循证儿科杂志》、《中华儿科杂志》、《临床儿科杂志》。结论：7种儿科类期刊整体质量较高,《中国循证儿科杂志》、《中华儿科杂志》综合评价最好,其他各刊还有提升空间。     

Aligning Physical Activity Measures With the International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health Framework for Childhood Disability

ABSTRACT

The introduction of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health has placed emphasis on framing health behavior as a multidimensional construct. In relation to childhood physical activity, this encompasses dimensions of functional performance, activity attendance, and subjective perceptions of involvement and enjoyment within activity settings. Current literature, however, primarily investigates physical activity in terms of performance and activity levels. The resulting misalignment of theory and measurement practice challenges the development of a comprehensive understanding of childhood physical activity behavior. For children with disabilities, who may have nuanced experiences in activity, there may be greater necessity to examine additional dimensions of physical activity (e.g., participation). In an effort to support meaningful interpretations of physical activity behavior measures among children with disabilities, the purposes of this article are to (a) conceptualize childhood physical activity within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and (b) provide guidance on aligning measurement tools with physical activity dimensions.     

多媒体在儿科护理教学中的应用

儿科护理课程的教学是专业性较强的学科,教师的教学方法直接影响着学生的学习效果。随着多媒体的广泛应用,多媒体的教学模式也进入医学院校,用于儿科护理课程的应用。本文对多媒体教学模式的优缺点进行分析,供儿科护理课程教学参考。     

Comparison of Indirect Calorimetry- and Accelerometry-Based Energy Expenditure During Children‘s Discrete Skill Performance

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To compare children’s energy expenditure (EE) levels during object projection skill performance (OPSP; e.g., kicking, throwing, striking) as assessed by hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers. Method: Forty-two children (female n = 20, Mage = 8.1 ± 0.8 years) performed three, nine-minute sessions of kicking, over-arm throwing, and striking at performance intervals of 6, 12, and 30 seconds. EE was estimated using indirect calorimetry (COSMED k4b2) and accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X+) worn on three different locations (hip, dominant-wrist, and non-dominant-wrist) using four commonly used cut-points. Bland-Altman plots were used to analyze the agreement in EE estimations between accelerometry and indirect calorimetry (METS). Chi-square goodness of fit tests were used to examine the agreement between accelerometry and indirect calorimetry. Results: Hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers underestimated EE, compared to indirect calorimetry, during all performance conditions. Skill practice at a rate of two trials per minute resulted in the equivalent of moderate PA and five trials per minute resulted in vigorous PA (as measured by indirect calorimetry), yet was only categorized as light and/or moderate activity by all measured forms of accelerometry. Conclusion: This is one of the first studies to evaluate the ability of hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers to predict PA intensity levels during OPSP in children. These data may significantly impact PA intervention measurement strategies by revealing the lack of validity in accelerometers to accurately predict PA levels during OPSP in children.     

儿科类期刊栏目设置与论文被引频次和下载频次之间的关系

为了考察儿科类期刊栏目设置与论文被引频次、下载频次之间的关系,对6种有较大影响的儿科类杂志,采用中国知网CNKI数据库下载与引证的数据进行分析。结果显示,各刊2001年和2005年发表被引/下载Top10的论文的栏目不尽相同,各刊均有自己的特色。提示为了提高期刊的综合影响力,应考虑各刊的实际情况,发表能体现各刊特色、理论性和实用性均较强的论文。     

A Review of: “Urology Board Review: Pearls of Wisdom, 3rd ed., by Leslie,Stephen W., ed.”

ABSTRACT

Pediatric Care Online is the American Academy of Pediatrics’ point-of-care tool designed for health care providers. Pediatric Care Online builds on content from Red Book Online and Pediatric Patient Education and features Quick Reference topic pages for more than 250 pediatric health care topics. The multitude of resources available within Pediatric Care Online will be reviewed in this column, and a sample search will be used to illustrate the type of information available within this point-of-care pediatric resource.     

“以人为本”提高儿科护理工作的实效性

将“以人为本”的护理理念贯彻在儿科护理工作中,转变了护士的服务理念,增强了护理人员的整体素质,减少了医患纠纷,融洽了护患关系,有效提高儿科护理服务质量,促进儿科护理的全面发展。     

加强儿科医学生患者安全教育的对策思考

医院患者安全的保证必须建立在对医疗保健人员的普遍教育与培训上,医学院校教育作为培养医务工作者的起点阶段,必将产生重要启蒙与基础意义。美国、澳大利亚、英国等国家非常重视患者安全教育。儿科患者相对于成人有很大特殊性,儿童健康关乎社会稳定和国家综合发展进程,但国内医学院校对于儿科医学生的患者安全教育并未形成系统的课程体系,在儿科医学教育中积极开展患者安全教育十分必要及迫切。针对加强儿科医学生的患者安全教育,提出"提高教师胜任力保障患者安全教学质量、将儿科医学生的患者安全教育融入医学院校课程体系、将患者安全意识作为儿科医生人文素质的重要标志"的对策思考。