"空帐"、转轨成本与中国养老保险制度改革

养老保险制度是我国建立社会主义市场经济体制的重要内容，传统的现收现收现付制养老体系已经不适合我国老龄化程度不断提高的变化趋势，因此是不可持续的，在建立养老保险新体制的改革过程中，必须正视转轨成本。     

发展我国企业年金的几点思考

随着我国养老保险体系的不断完善,企业年金的替代率将会逐步提高,但企业年金覆盖职工人数分别只占当年基本养老保险覆盖人数不到10％,针对我国企业年金发展现状,分析制约我国企业年金发展的诸多因素,为我国企业年金的发展提供路径选择,从而进一步完善我国的养老保险体系。     

中国农村养老保障制度的现状与对策

中国是一个拥有8亿农民的农业大国,加快建立健全农村养老保障制度是破解“三农”问题的关键,是建立社会主义新农村的重要组成部分,也是构建和谐社会的有力保障。现阶段我国应加快建立健全农村社会养老保障制度工作的进程,在中国人口老龄高峰到来之前切实解决好农民的养老保障问题。     

Researching Public Pension Plans

Over the past two decades public pension plans have garnered major headlines due to large investment losses. With increased attention on pension fund investments, information professionals must be able to help researchers find public pension data on asset values, asset allocations, and investment performance. This article will help researchers understand the types of data available to analyze pension fund investment returns and asset allocations, to compare changes in sector allocations and equity holdings, and to assess changes in pension investment performance relative to key benchmarks. Additionally, this article will provide information for obtaining current and historical investment returns and holdings.     

我国城镇职工工资增长和养老金增长替代关系分析

工资收入与养老金是“源”“流”关系，“源”孕育着“流”，“流”取之于“源”。本文在对近年来我国城镇职工工资增长和养老金增长替代关系分析的基础上，揭示了养老金实际替代率低于名义替代率且呈快速下降趋势的事实，从而指出了该趋势对收入分配格局和养老保险的价值目标及制度安排的重要影响，并提出了有关政策建议。     

Private Pensions Plans: Internet Sources for Keeping Current with Developments and Research

The U.S. Department of Labor estimates that 51% of American workers receive some type of pension from their employers. Yet surveys have shown that recent changes in government regulation and employee benefit practices have left workers and employers at a loss. This article evaluates Web sites that provide business librarians with information to keep up to date with changes in private pension systems. Business librarians will find the research and data provided on the sites useful for a broad range of library patrons including workers, retirees, business professionals, students, and the media. Clearly, as 71 million baby boomers head to retirement over the next two decades, private pensions will persist as a crucial issue for all Americans.     

基本养老金计发办法探究

通过对我国基本养老保险制度改革的简约回顾,分析了目前基本养老保险改革的现状和特点。重点阐述企业基本养老保险改革进程和养老金计发政策规定,揭示计发办法的潜在不足,并遵循“公平优先,兼顾效率”的原则,对养老金计发办法进行了深入的探究。     

Retirement Savings Behavior of Higher Education Employees

Higher education employees often participate in university-sponsored defined contribution pension plans that place the investment decision responsibility upon them. In order to examine investment decision-making behavior with retirement savings plans we investigated attitude-mediated, individual difference determinants of risky decision-making behavior in employer-sponsored defined contribution retirement plans. Using a field survey of 795 higher education employees, who participated in one of four defined contribution savings plans, we tested a risk taking model using data on the employees’ investment allocations in their defined contribution savings plan. We found that an attitudinal preference toward risk and a perception of opportunity served as mediators for the relationships among employees’ dispositional characteristics and their retirement savings behavior. We also found that investment knowledge directly affected risk taking behavior. Implications of the results for higher education institutions are discussed. Funding for this study was provided by TIAA-CREF and is gratefully acknowledged by the authors.     

中国农村人口老龄化的趋势、影响与应对

中国农村人口老龄化具有程度高于城镇、速度快于城镇、地区差异大于城镇、老年人口多于城镇等特征,应对农村人口老龄化更为急迫,任务也更为艰巨。未来中国农村人口老龄化将继续发展,并表现出明显的阶段性特征：2010—2020年为快速发展阶段,是应对农村人口老龄化的战略机遇期;2021—2034年为高速发展阶段,是应对农村人口老龄化的关键时期;2035—2050年为高位发展阶段,是应对人口老龄化的常态化时期。农村人口老龄化将对农村劳动力供给、经济发展、社会保障制度风险、养老服务需求等产生深远影响。必须高度重视应对农村人口老龄化,加大对农业、农村的投入,积极推进农业现代化;加快户籍制度改革,减缓农村人口老龄化进程;完善农村社会保障体系和农村社会服务体系,促进城乡社会保障和服务一体化。     

‘This is the country of premature old men’ Ageing and Aged Miners in the South Wales Coalfield,c.1880–1947*

Abstract

This article considers the effects of work in the south Wales coal industry either side of the turn of the twentieth century and, specifically, the ways in which work aged workers prematurely. It examines the consequences of working practices for miners’ bodies, the expedients utilized by miners to try and cope with the effects of premature ageing, and the consequences for their living standards, experiences and status. It situates these phenomena in the contexts of industrial relations and welfare provision. In so doing, the article engages with historiographies of the life-cycle, the aged, and pensions provision in modern Britain.