EUROPEAN DISSERTATION SUMMARIES

To alleviate teachers’ reluctance toward practical work, there has been much discussion on teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge, teaching materials, and failsafe strategies for practical work. Despite these efforts, practical work is still regarded as a challenging task for many elementary science teachers. To understand the complexity of teachers’ conflicts in practical work, this study examines teachers’ ideas about teaching and learning that influence teachers’ decision‐making and action on teaching practical work. More important than knowing technical–rational aspects of practical work is to understand the internal contradictions that teachers have to resolve within themselves regarding their capabilities and beliefs about science teaching and practical work. Using stories and experiences of 38 third‐year university students in a science method course in Korea, we seek to understand the conflicts and negotiations that they experience as they make decisions regarding practical work throughout their course. Reflective writings and group discussions on their lived experiences and concerns were used to probe participants’ ideas on teaching using practical work. From written and verbal data, themes were saturated in terms of the aspects which could (dis)encourage their practice. Results suggest that there are multifactorial challenges in pre‐service teachers’ understandings and concerns in practical work. Besides time, materials, and curriculum, pedagogical assumptions and values also compositely challenge the minds of teachers. As the pre‐service elementary teachers negotiated within themselves the importance of science in classroom and social levels, the question is raised about their identities as pre‐service elementary teachers to appreciate the balance between science teaching and practical work.     

Turning Polemics into Pedagogy: Teaching about Censorship in Art Education

In recent decades, the field of art education has seen an increasing interest in issues of social justice and social reconstruction which has led to pre‐service art educators often being encouraged to include potentially controversial topics in their pedagogy. Surprisingly, however, there seems to have been little concurrent discussion concerning the inherent risks involved in introducing polemical themes within the classroom. Indeed, despite its obvious importance, the subject of censorship is often given little attention in art education circles, save for when it has already become an active problem, such as when an instructor is accused of censorship by a student, or when forces outside the classroom seek to involve themselves in pedagogical decisions. In this article, I describe my experience creating and implementing an undergraduate pre‐service art education course on the subject of censorship. I begin by examining my students’ reactions to some of the themes explored, and then explain how discussing cases of art censorship and controversy can serve as a platform for introducing students to the key role that context plays in how we perceive, value and react to artworks. Finally, I make the argument that by including censorship as a subject within their curriculum, teachers can help students better to navigate the psychological, moral and ethical complexities of contemporary art making.     

Impact of Anatomy Boot Camp on Students in a Medical Gross Anatomy Course

Lincoln Memorial University‐DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine (LMU‐DCOM) offers an optional three‐week summer Anatomy Boot Camp course (ABC) to facilitate students' transition into medical school and promote retention of anatomy subject matter. The pre‐matriculation program is a supplemental instruction course that utilizes a small group learning format. Boot camp instruction is led by teaching assistants and two anatomy professors. Enrollees gain early exposure to Medical Gross Anatomy (MGA) course subject matter, which is taught in the fall semester, and learn study skills necessary to excel in medical school. No grade is assigned for the course, therefore participants can study without the fear of potentially affecting grades. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the LMU‐DCOM ABC course using data from four consecutive summers. Independent two‐sample t‐tests were used to compare ABC to non‐ABC students for the following variables: incoming grade point average (GPA) and Medical College Admission Test® (MCAT®) scores, MGA written and laboratory practical examination grades, and final MGA course grade. Additionally, a 26‐question survey was administered to 2012–2014 boot camp participants. There were no significant differences in incoming GPA and MCAT scores. However, boot campers scored significantly higher on the first two lecture and laboratory examinations (P < 0.05) for each year of the study. Thereafter scores varied less, suggesting a faster head start for boot camp participants. Mean MGA final grade was on average 3% higher for the boot camp cohort. The survey feedback supports that the ABC course assists with the academic and social transition into medical school. Anat Sci Educ 10: 215–223. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.     

怎样由遍历序列确定二叉树

在文 [1 ]至文 [4]中都介绍了遍历一棵二叉树的三种方法 :先序遍历、中序遍历和后序遍历 .每棵二叉树的先序遍历序列、中序遍历序列和后序遍历序列都是唯一的 .但是不同的二叉树的先序遍历序列或中序遍历序列或后序遍历序列有可能是相同的 .就如我们已知一个关系要求能求出它的关系矩阵 ,已知一个关系的关系矩阵也能求出关系矩阵所表示的关系一样 ,要求我们不但能从二叉树求它的遍序序列 ,而且能从二叉树的遍历序列求出它们所表示的二叉树 .在文 [1 ]中只指出 :给定结点的先序序列和中序序列可唯一确定一棵二叉树 .但文 [1 ]没有给出证明 .本文指出了由后序遍历序列和中序遍历序列也可唯一确定一棵二叉树 ,并给出了相应的证明     

基于GIS空间数据的地图印前技术探讨

地图印前技术是GIS桌面制图与印前系统紧密结合并共同前行的一项技术。本文从分析GIS空间数据的特征及其应用于地图印前的欠缺之处出发，探讨了基于GIS空间数据的地图印前技术中图层的组织、符号库的管理、字库的选择、地图标注的应用等关键问题，     

墨子的技艺教育思想与先秦两种教育

先秦墨家代表手工业的小生产劳动者思想,一度显赫非常,成为与儒家并列而对抗的政治教育集团和学派。在儒家理论体系中,“士”的教育与百工教育是两种不同的教育。墨家传授劳动技术的内容,大多上升为经验科技的形态,可以看到中国古代生产技术向科学理论飞跃的最早成果,为古代技艺教育谱写了光辉的一页。     

改进的基于逆模型的旅游信息资源索引算法

在云计算构建下实现对旅游信息的优化调度,提高旅游资源数据的开发和利用效率。传统的旅游信息资源采用经验模态分解的调度算法,通过人工分区实现信息资源的调度模型具有随机性和无组织性,资源分配效率不高。提出一种基于逆模型参数预失真估计的云计算架构下旅游信息资源优化调度模型。设计旅游资源信息调度网络,云计算构架的逆模型网络结构采用BP网络的输出结构,训练包括前向传播信息,反向传播误差两个过程。设计循环堆栈的约束指向矢量,使旅游资源信息调度网络的路由节点的资源分配输出误差最小。采用三亚的5个旅游景点作为研究对象,以2003~2014年度的游客数据作为模型参量,仿真结果表明,模型对旅游资源的融合性能较好,有效剔除簇内非相干数据,提高数据融合效率,分层调度融合度能达到90%以上,优化调度性能优越。     

先秦儒家廉政思想的文化内涵及当代价值

先秦儒家文化是我国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,其廉政思想的文化内涵丰厚,当代价值明显,其主要体现在三个方面：一是“修身律己”的廉政之本;二是“仁政为民”的廉政之基;三是“礼义治国”的廉政之道。这里蕴涵着儒家丰富的清廉思想及廉政智慧,为我国当前廉政文化建设提供了一定的思想资源和理论基础,对构建廉政防腐体系和开展反腐倡廉行动具有重要的现实价值和借鉴意义。     

优秀男子手球运动员赛前训练部分生化指标变化研究

本研究通过对江苏省男子手球队十二届全运会前的赛前训练期间,白细胞(WBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血尿素(BU)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血睾酮(T)、皮质醇(C)在训练各个阶段变化情况的分析研究,发现在赛前训练阶段强化对运动员的训练监控非常必要,可以为教练员制定训练计划提供重要指导,提高训练效果;赛前训练对男手运动员的WBC、BU影响不大,但要重视训练初期运动员血红蛋白(Hb)水平的下降;要重视赛前训练期间运动员最后一场教学比赛后的机体恢复,特别是肌肉疲劳的恢复工作,为下面的正式比赛做好准备;在赛前训练期间一定要做好营养品的针对性补充,只要营养品补充合理,配合训练计划的合理安排,在整个训练期间,运动员的机能水平均能维持在较为理想的状态。     

预选士官学员军事格斗训练损伤致因调查与分析

通过对某军事院校预选士官的训练伤病情况调查,分析导致训练损伤的原因及预防措施,以期引起组训人员及受训者对格斗训练最易损伤部位及其防治的重视,从而减少发病率,提高军事格斗教学训练效果。