Does modality matter? A latent profile and transition analysis of sedentary behaviours among school-aged youth: The UP&DOWN study

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to identify profiles of sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns, based on leisure-time self-reported SB modalities (screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and to evaluate changes in these profiles over 2 years among Spanish youth aged 8–18 years. Latent profile analysis (LPA), a data-driven analytic approach, was used to identify groups of boys and girls (n = 1553; 48% girls; mean±SD age: 12.56 ± 2.49 y) with distinct SB profiles using the SB modalities (time/d) as input variables. Latent transition analysis, an extension of LPA that uses longitudinal data, was used to analyse 2-year changes in these profiles. At baseline, four and three SB profiles were found among boys (labelled: screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and girls (labelled: screen/social, educative, and relaxing), respectively. Overall, more girls (range: 48%-67%) had the same profile over time, than boys (40%-52%). Participants with a screen or relaxing SB profile at baseline were more likely to have an educative profile after 2 years. Youth with a social and an educative SB profile at baseline were more likely to transition to profiles characterized by higher screen and social SB, respectively. Using a novel and person-centered approach, this study identified gender-specific SB profiles that were moderately stable over time.     

Syllable-based reading improvement: Effects on word reading and reading comprehension in Grade 2

This study examined the effects of a syllable-based reading intervention for German second graders who demonstrated difficulties in the recognition of written words. The intervention focused on fostering word reading via syllable segmentation. The materials consisted of the 500 most frequent syllables typically read by 6- to 8-year-old children. The aims were to practice phonological recoding, consolidate orthographic representations of syllables, and routinize the access to these representations. Compared to children randomly assigned to a wait-list group, poor readers in the treatment condition showed significant improvements in standardized measures of phonological recoding, direct word recognition, and text-based reading comprehension after the 24-session intervention. Poor readers in the treatment condition also showed greater improvements in development of word recognition compared to children with efficient word recognition skills. The results provide evidence that a syllable-based reading intervention is a promising approach to increase struggling readers’ word recognition skills, which in turn will improve their reading comprehension.     

‘I would say nine times out of 10 they come to the LSA rather than the teacher’. The role of teaching assistants in supporting children's mental health

This research explored how seven primary school teaching assistants (TAs) experienced their role in supporting children's mental health. Interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The participants believed that they supported children's mental health and particularly referenced the close relationships that they formed with children. Throughout their accounts of supporting children, the TAs referenced helpful factors (e.g. support from other staff) and challenges (e.g. hierarchy) within the school system. Supporting children’s mental health was an emotional experience for the TAs; they discussed the rewarding element, however, the topic also elicited fear. The findings provide several implications for school staff and external professionals about how TAs can be supported in their role. These include involving TAs in training opportunities, providing TAs with supervision, considering communication systems in schools, and introducing a mental health policy.     

面向幼儿发展的表现性评价实践研究

本研究采用表现性评价,对x幼儿园大班一个班级39名幼儿进行为期一年的发展性评价,在真实情境中对幼儿的发展状况作出连续性评价,获悉幼儿不同阶段的发展状况,同时对评价过程进行总结和反思。     

关于中国男篮在世界大赛中成绩滑坡的原因剖析

采用文献资料与理论分析等方法 ,对中国男篮在第 2 7届奥运会和第 14届男篮世锦赛上攻、防技术资料进行分析研究 ,发现中国男篮整体实力确有提高 ,尤其是内线实力明显增强。但由于我国对篮球本质认识上的偏差 ,过分追求队员高度而忽视速度、战术与技术训练 ,特别是外线控球能力的培养 ,结果比赛时内、外线脱节 ,整体攻、防节奏慢 ,不仅内线实力难以发挥 ,相反丢失了过去快速、灵活的优势与特点。针对存在的问题 ,从主观认识、训练方法以及训练内容等方面提出了一些建议和改进措施。     

“中学体育教材”存在的问题与解决途径

中学部分体育教材存在教不了、教不完、教不明、教不深、教不好等问题 ,这些问题的出现是有原因的。解决的途径和方法应该是对体育课程全方位地再设计和改进 ,从整体上重新调整体育课程体系。     

幼儿乳酸阈值及无氧阈心率的初步研究

对33名幼儿乳酸阈及其心率值进行测定,结果显示:3～5岁幼儿AT时血乳酸水平显著低于成人及青少年;幼儿亚极量强度运动后乳酸峰值大多出现在负荷后1min,反映了幼儿机体代谢的特异性.此实验结果可为幼儿有关生理机能和能量代谢的研究提供参数,所测得的乳酸阈心率值将为幼儿健身、减肥、增高等运动处方中运动强度控制提供科学依据.     

在数学教学中培养学生提出问题的能力

20世纪50年代以来,谈话法就一直是数学教学的主流方法。这种谈话法大多由教师提出问题展开,以师生间一问一答的方式进行,教师提出的问题中具有启发式的,开放式的,需要学生经过深思熟虑才能回答的问题并不多。师生间是单向交流,学生缺少提出问题的机会,很大程度上限制了学生的思考和独立解决问题的能力。在数学教学中培养学生提出问题的能力是我们必须贯彻的教学目标。     

以线段长为方程根的中考题析解

以两线段长为一元二次方程的根的问题的解法，是把一元二次方程与几何问题直接挂钩。沟通了几何与二次方程之间的联系。     

社会转型期运动员道德问题致因及预防对策

运动员道德问题在现实社会发展中具有较大的反响,为使我国运动员道德建设与时俱进.通过采用文献资料、调查等方法对运动员道德的内涵、特征、现状、分类等问题进行探讨.结果表明,运动员体育道德问题受当前社会众多因素影响,与运动员自身的文化素质、道德修养也存在关联.通过研究提出了几条对策.