Pupil participation: the NASEN policy

NASEN is to be congratulated for developing a Policy on Pupil Participation (NASEN, 2004). The importance of developing this practice has been increasingly recognised over recent years by policy makers, practitioners and researchers. In this short article I shall address some of the issues that the development of such a policy raises. Although generally welcoming NASEN's initiatives and similar actions by other organizations, I consider it important also to review the issue more broadly.     

小学生膝关节伸肌最大等速肌力自然发育的年龄和性别特征研究

采用测试方法,研究7～12岁阶段240名小学生膝关节伸肌最大等速肌力自然发育的年龄和性别特征.研究发现1)膝关节伸肌最大等速肌力的自然发育随年龄增加而增长,年增长率为13.2 Nm;2)膝关节伸肌最大等速肌力的自然发育无明显性别差异;3)大腿围度的增长速度明显小于最大等速肌力,二者之间呈中度相关.     

健身运动处方锻炼对小学生身体形态、机能的影响研究

本文以小学生为实验对象，研究健身运动处方对小学生身体形态机能的影响。结果提示本实验制定的健身运动处方能不同程度地改善实验对象的心血管及肺功能，但不同处方对不同机能指标的影响不同，同一处方对同一年龄段男生与女生的影响也不同，从本实验结果看，各年龄段女生对本运动处方训练的敏感性更强。     

《图书馆使命与文化视野》序

《图书馆使命与文化视野》的作者努力将图书馆现象与文化视野统一起来 ,与人文关怀结合起来。此书的内容宽广而又丰富 ,从古到今 ,从国内到国外 ,从理论到方法 ,从人文到技术都有所涉及 ,是图书馆学百花园中一朵红花     

How can pre-service primary teachers' perspectives contribute to a pedagogy that problematises the ‘practical’ in teacher education?

This study examined pre-service primary teachers' perspectives on teaching and learning experiences within college-based courses in ‘practical’ subject areas within a teacher education programme. Following three individual lectures (one each in art, music and physical education), pre-service teachers (n=11) participated in focus group interviews sharing their perspectives on the teaching and learning experiences. These data were analysed thematically and supported by teacher educators' (n=3) planning and reflection documentation. Although the problematic nature of the ‘practical’ suggests appeal and peril of the ‘practical’, the important nature of negotiating the ‘practical’ to enhance student learning is apparent. Students emphasised the value of practical engagement and expressed a strong preference for working in groups to create a safe learning environment to develop confidence and competence. These insights suggest key aspects of a pedagogy of teacher education in these ‘practical’ areas. The importance of being aware of and, in some cases, challenging student perspectives on how they learn best in these curricular areas is discussed.     

贫困地区政府官员对乡村旅游的认知特征研究——以汝城县益将乡为例

乡村旅游是推动我国农村经济发展的重要动力。通过对汝城县益将乡基层政府工作人员进行关于乡村旅游认知的问卷调查发现,总体上对开展乡村旅游的认知比较高,但个体间的分歧比较大。可见,我国贫困地区开展乡村旅游的条件已经基本成熟,乡村旅游品牌意识、资源保护意识增强。但在我国贫困地区开展乡村旅游尚须:(1)加强农村环境的整治,打造乡村旅游大环境;(2)规范政府行为,转变政府职能;(3)坚持社区参与,保障农民利益;(4)加强对乡村旅游管理,建设和谐乡村。     

Person-centred reviews and transition: an exploration of the views of students and their parents/carers

The person-centred review (PCR) is a model for the review of a student’s special educational needs (SEN) which places the young person and their family at the centre of the process. This mixed-methods, exploratory study investigated the views of 16 students with SEN aged between 10–11 years (Year 6) and 13–14 years (Year 9), and their parents/carers on their PCRs (which were mostly held at transition). Attention was paid to potential changes in the young people’s locus of control and feelings towards school. Findings indicated that the PCR is a collaborative, constructive and reassuring process for families where a wealth of information is shared openly and honestly within a relaxed, yet structured, meeting. The young people were generally positive about the process, although many felt daunted beforehand. Some parents felt the meeting was too long and not entirely accessible to children. The study did not conclude that the young people’s locus of control or feelings towards their education changed following the PCR. Implications for good practice are discussed, particularly for educational psychologists and in the context of the SEN and Disability Code of Practice.     

小学生自主学习能力的培养

小学生自主学习是在教师的科学指导下,逐渐获得学习策略,形成能动的创造性的学习活动。培养小学生自主学习能力是社会发展和学生发展的需要。营造和谐的课堂环境,激发学生学习动机,指导学生掌握学习方法,培养学生良好的意志品质等是培养小学生自主学习能力的主要策略。     

Revisiting free school meal eligibility as a proxy for pupil socio‐economic deprivation

Whether someone has ever had free school meal (FSM) eligibility over a six‐year period is the measure of socio‐economic disadvantage currently used in the English school system. It is used to monitor the socio‐economic gap in achievement in the education system, to identify particular children at risk of low achievement and to direct funding to particular children and schools. In this paper we assess how well this measure predicts pupil attainment in secondary school in comparison to other measures of socio‐economic background known to influence pupil attainment, such as parental education or income. We ask whether the FSM measure is an adequate proxy for a pupil's socio‐economic disadvantage in an educational context. To do this we draw on the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England and matched administrative data. We find that the FSM eligibility measure correlates highly with other measures of socio‐economic disadvantage, however it does not identify all children living in what would be deemed deprived households. We then compare the extent to which the FSM eligibility measure predicts educational achievement relative to other measures of deprivation and find that its predictive power is only marginally lower than many richer survey measures. This provides some reassurance on its use in policy.     

小学生道德学习中教师的作用

小学生道德学习包括道德需要、价值分析、自我选择、道德实践、道德评价五个环节。教师必须整体把握五个环节之间的联系，从小学生道德潜能出发，为其提供道德实践机会，帮助其提高价值分析水平，引导其自主选择、自主反思和自主评价。