Modelling the long-run learning impact of the Covid-19 learning shock: Actions to (more than) mitigate loss

This paper uses a calibrated “pedagogical production function” model to estimate the potential long-term losses to children’s learning from the temporary shock of Covid-19 related school closures. It then models possible gains from two mitigation strategies. Without mitigation, children could lose more than a full year’s worth of learning from a three-month school closure because they will be behind the curriculum when they re-enter school and will fall further behind as time goes on. Remediation when children return to school reduces the long-term learning loss by half, but still leaves children more than half a year behind where they would have been with no shock. Remediation combined with long-term reorientation of curriculum to align with children’s learning levels fully mitigates the long-term learning loss due to the shock and surpasses the learning in the counterfactual of no shock by more than a full year’s worth of learning. Systems need to begin planning now for remediation programmes, and as they do so they should build programmes and train teachers in ways that can continue to produce benefits beyond the period immediately following reopening.     

试论田径运动中的速度

采用生物力学原理分析了田径运动成绩与运动这间的关系。认为田径运动成绩虽然表现在时间、高度和远度上，但实质是个速度问题。只有获得高的运动速度，才能有高水平的运动成绩。并进一步总结出与成绩关系最为紧密的3种速度，即跑的后蹬速度，起跳速度和器械出手速度。分析了速度产生的原因以及创造和保持高速度运动的条件。     

现代德国体育演变及其对我国学校体育发展的启示

详细分析了德国学校体育的发展历程,将其发展划分为三个阶段:理论不完备阶段,哲学性的人类学阶段和目的论形成及体育课程理论结构化阶段,并对其体育课程理论结构化阶段的理论与课程体系进行了深入探讨。对于该阶段对于我国学校体育借鉴作用作了深入分析。     

民营企业发展所遇瓶颈分析

目前我国民营企业在发展道路上不断上演着“创立、崛起、衰败”的三部曲，针对民营企业发展所遇瓶颈问题从五个方面加以分析，从而说明中国民营企业只有突破瓶颈才能走向成熟。     

典权与不动产质权之比较研究

本文通过对典权与不动产质权中几个主要问题的比较分析,认为它们作为两种基于不动产而建立的法律制度,虽各具特色,却具有功能上的一致性和替代性.并且认为从其演变史看,二者皆为农业社会的产物,在工业化和市场经济高度发达的现代社会,其作用呈不断消退之势.     

反腐败的最根本途径：发扬民主,以民制权

反腐败的本质问题是民主建设问题,要根治腐败必须下大力气加强民主政治建设,健全反腐败的民主机制,即反腐败一要靠民主,以社会制约权力,增强反腐败的基础和力量;二要讲民主,以权利制约权力,保证反腐败的效率和质量.这既是历史发展的必然趋势,也是反腐败的现实需要.     

春秋战国时期军队的跑跳训练

在冷兵器时代，军队行军强调速度对作战胜负具有极为重要作用。因此，我国古代兵家十分重视加强对军队的体能训练。跑跳项目就是当时训练提高体能的重要手段，在军事理论和军事体育实践中积累了宝贵经验。春秋战国时期军队的跑跳训练便是冷兵器时代军队体能训练的典型。     

影响中国职业足球队冠名因素的研究

通过运用资料收集、专家咨询及实地考察的方法,对影响中国职业足球队冠名的多个因素进行了分析,以期让我们能透过现象对本质有更深入的认识,并为俱乐部经营及管理提供理论上的参考依据及建议.     

Should Children Attend Their Parent's Funerals?

The paper discusses elements of the findings of 'Iceberg', a doctoral study at the University of York addressing many issues of child bereavement through a retrospective study of nearly one hundred individuals who had either experienced the death of a parent when they were at school, or were the surviving parent of such a child. The research revealed issues of lack of control and information for children after a parental death. Forty-seven per cent of those in the study attended the funeral of their parent. There was correlation between the age of children and attendance at the funeral. Of the fifty-three per cent of children not attending, twenty-four per cent of them were forbidden to attend, whilst eleven per cent of them were distracted from attending the funeral, such as being sent to school or a neighbours and being unaware that it was taking place. None of the children attending the funeral reported any negative experiences, and two thirds of them reported it as a positive or helpful event. In contrast, over three-quarters of those not attending later wished that they had. Over a third had feelings of regret, others feeling that they had been excluded from the family at the time of the death, and felt anger, hurt, and frustration. The conclusion was that the best strategy is to give children informed choice about whether or not to attend. If children do attend a negative outcome seems unlikely, but it would be prudent to prepare them as to what to expect at the ceremony.