Covid-19: Emerging Considerations for Body Sourcing and Handling. A Perspective View from Nigeria

The current Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic has spread to about 220 countries of the world and has resulted in a significant number of deaths globally. Infections are still on the rise, and the impact on the global death rate could be devastating. There are fears over the likely impact of a large number of deaths on body sourcing and handling of cadavers for teaching and research. Historically, epidemics come with several challenges and have often led to some level of negligence of ethical practices and health and safety regulations associated with body sourcing and handling. The authors highlighted some emerging problems in this article, focusing on Africa and Nigeria in particular. These problems include a higher risk of coronavirus exposure for body handlers, shortage of cadavers for teaching and learning, a lack of standard regulations leading to unethical body sourcing and handling, and a lack of monitoring and collaboration needed for a well-coordinated Covid-19 pandemic response strategy. If these issues are ignored, the previous gains made in anatomical ethical practices may be destroyed. Some useful recommendations for policymaking geared toward prevention or curtailing these emerging issues have been instilled in this article.     

The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10 years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.5% of the total number of body donors embalmed in this institution. Correspondingly, the number of annual teaching sessions for residents increased from 19 in 2012 to 116 in 2019. These increases in teaching are correlated with increasing number of residents enrolled in competency-based programs over the last 3 years (Pearson r ranging from 0.9705 to 0.9903, and R² ranging from 0.9418 to 0.9808). Those results suggest that the new skill-centered curricula which require residents to perform specific tasks within realistic settings, exhibit a growing demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens. Institutions’ body donation programs must, therefore, adapt to those greater need for cadaveric specimens, which presents many challenges, ranging from the logistical to the ethical.     

A Bioethos for Bodies: Respecting a Priceless Resource

The value that willed body donors provide to medical education is priceless. Their precious gift helps to teach anatomy, spatial relationships between morphological structures, anatomical variation, and professionalism to medical students in a way that plastic models, podcasts, and lectures cannot. They are also an important resource for medical research and a wide variety of postgraduate training opportunities. While many body donation programs throughout the world are nonprofit organizations, there are body donation companies in the United States that sell donors for-profit. These “body brokers” have accumulated large profits from this business. It is incongruous that others would profit from such a priceless, freely donated gift. To prevent this incongruity, it is proposed that the international anatomical community develop a normative culture (a bioethos) for body donation programs. This would involve the conscious and systematic development of ethical principles for the day-to-day policies and practices of institutions that collect and use human bodies. With the development of this bioethos, a cultural shift in how donors are treated would occur and, over time, this would become the normal practice. These principles would become fundamental and foundational for the procurement and use of priceless human tissues.     

奇效骨伤散在治疗老年运动性骨损伤中的应用

老年运动性骨损伤是近期逐渐增多的疾患 ,本门诊部近 1年半以来接诊此类病人 38例 ,应用外敷自拟奇效骨伤散为主进行治疗 ,可迅速使骨折端达到牢靠连接 ,解除制动进行功能锻炼 ,肢体功能恢复快。与常规骨损伤疗效相比 ,疗程显著缩短 ,具快捷安全、方便经济、适用范围广等特点。优良率达 10 0 % ,且无明显并发症及后遗症。     

信息时代的医学资料室与人文精神

针对信息时代技术主义的上亢和医疗行业中一些有违人愿的现象，认为医学资料室在高扬人文精神的同时应倡导医学人道精神、善美人格精神、敬业奉献精神和开拓、进取、创新精神。     

20世纪二三十年代"乡村教育运动"的特点及其现实启迪

“乡村教育运动”具有实施主体民间性、教育对象全民化和教育内容适用性的特点。它对当今农村教育改革的借鉴和启示在于:民间力量应该以多种形式积极参与农村教育的改革和发展;农村教育的对象应该包括以成人为主体的农村社会的全体成员;农村教育的内容必须适合当前农民多元化的教育需求。     

四川省农村体育现状思考

运用问卷法、访谈法、数理统计与逻辑分析等研究法,对四川省8个具有地域代表性的县进行了相关调查,分析了当前四川农村体育的现状,提出了四川农村体育发展的对策,为省体育局制订相关的农村体育政策,指导农村的全民健身活动提供可靠的数据和依据.     

试析中国国家安全战略的选择

中国制定国家安全战略、国防政策和军事战略的前提，离不开对现阶段国家安全形势和背景的具体的、历史的考证。美国的单边主义和对华遏制、日本的背离和“台独”势力分裂国家的图谋是目前中国国家安全尤其需要重视的因素。因此中国的国家安全战略应是：保证必要的、足够的军事威慑，保持最大范围和最大可能的合作。     

高校的治安管理工作

高校的治安管理是一项科学的、系统性工作。高校治安管理的主体要树立求实的态度 ,认识和掌握高校治安管理的规律 ,科学决策 ,组织好人力、物力 ,形成较好的管理机制 ,以最低的消耗获得最佳的管理效益 ,真正实现高校治安管理的社会化、科学化。     

对农村中学学校体育运动会的调查与分析

通过对资阳市农村中学学校体育运动会的现状调查发现，对举办学校体育运动会存在着错误认识以及在体育运动项目的选择、组织形式、时间安排等方面的问题。而这些问题的存在不但会导致体育运动会的举办起不到其应有的作用，相反极有可能对学校体育的发展有着不良影响。结合实际情况，初步提出了对学校体育运动会进行改革的建议。