音频文献数字化过程中应注意的几个问题

本文总结了我馆做VOD点播系统时音频文献数字化过程中的几点经验,涉及到采样率、降噪、标签的编辑等内容。     

基于RITE测度的降维方法研究

在RITE的框架下,考察了社会信息化指标体系中不同指标的增长特征及其在测算中的表现,提出了一种基于RITE测度的降维方法——指标增长特征降维法的实现思路。文章结合案例,通过指标抽取试验,对所提出的方法进行了实证研究。     

Recent progress in reactivity study and synthetic application of N-heterocyclic phosphorus hydrides

N-heterocyclic phosphines (NHPs) have recently emerged as a new group of promising catalysts for metal-free reductions, owing to their unique hydridic reactivity. The excellent hydricity of NHPs, which rivals or even exceeds those of many metal-based hydrides, is the result of hyperconjugative interactions between the lone-pair electrons on N atoms and the adjacent σ^*(P–H) orbital. Compared with the conventional protic reactivity of phosphines, this umpolung P–H reactivity leads to hydridic selectivity in NHP-mediated reductions. This reactivity has therefore found many applications in the catalytic reduction of polar unsaturated bonds and in the hydroboration of pyridines. This review summarizes recent progress in studies of the reactivity and synthetic applications of these phosphorus-based hydrides, with the aim of providing practical information to enable exploitation of their synthetically useful chemistry.     

碳中和目标下我国能源发展战略探讨

2020年国家主席习近平在第7 5届联合国大会一般性辩论上作出了力争2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和的承诺。作为世界最大的能源消费国和碳排放国,实现碳中和目标对我国能源和经济可持续发展提出了更高要求。近年来,虽然我国能源消费增速放缓,碳排放逐渐进入平台期,但我国能源消费结构中化石能源占比仍高达80%以上。碳中和目标下,在借鉴发达国家调整能源消费结构与碳减排做法的基础上,如何加快我国能源转型,明确碳中和目标下能源转型的战略路径值得深入探讨。碳中和是我国经济社会发展的战略目标,也是推进我国能源革命的重要举措,更是实现文明跨越的重要抓手。在实现碳中和的道路上,我国需要在电力、工业、建筑、农业等领域不断努力,减少碳排放量,谋划最优的战略路径,努力实现碳减排和经济发展并行不悖。     

2020年东京奥运会资源可持续管理实践及对我国大型体育赛事的启示

节俭办赛是近年来国内赛事组委会经常使用的"口号",强调大型体育赛事筹办应崇尚节俭、厉行节约,以解决赛事资源使用的有效性问题。在讨论大型体育赛事可持续管理理念演进的基础上,分析2020年东京奥运会资源管理实践:按照生命周期理论,在资源采购、使用、回收3个阶段,以节省、再利用、循环使用为优先指导原则;构建政策系统、机构系统等管理体系;通过减少食物浪费、减少打包材料、强调循环利用、废弃物绿色回收、减少废气排放等具体措施,追求效益与效果的平衡。我国节俭办赛实践在一定程度上窄化了可持续理念的内涵,建议在战略规划、资源认定、控制目标、赛中管理、赛事评价等方面实现标准化,促进我国大型体育赛事良性发展。     

“双减”需要进一步解决四大问题

"双减"政策实行以来,校外培训治理工作取得了明显进展,到2021年年底,学科类培训大幅压减,线下校外培训机构已压减83.8%,线上校外培训机构已压减84.1%。文章分析了大幅压减学科类培训机构之后需要进一步解决的四方面问题,即学科类培训机构"营改非"后的规范经营问题,如何治理隐形学科类培训问题,如何形成学校教育提质增效的长效机制问题和如何进一步深化教育评价改革的问题,并给出建议,以实现"双减"确定的减轻学生学业负担和校外培训负担的目标。     

基于产业关联的碳减排绿色科技发展路径研究——以广东省为例

为厘清产业碳排放的总量和特征以及因产业关联产生的具体碳转移机制,以明晰碳减排的科技创新路径,从产业关联的视角,以广东省11个产业部门为例,基于2017年广东省投入产出表和各行业能源消耗量数据,运用改进的假设抽取法测算其碳排放总量,分析碳转移特征和能源消耗的产业关联性。结果表明：（1）炼焦化工金属产品制造业的直接能源消耗总量最大,交通运输、仓储和邮政业的单位能源消耗最多;（2）炼焦化工金属产品制造业与交通运输、仓储和邮政业的转移输出碳排放量最大,采掘业的间接碳排放量最多;（3）机械设备制造业和建筑业是吸收碳转移最多的两个部门,且主要输入部门为机械设备制造业和炼焦化工金属产品制造业,因此这两个主要输入部门为推行碳减排的重点产业部门。最后根据研究发现,从给出重点产业碳减排绿色科技发展路径、能源绿色低碳转型科技创新路径和促进产业结构优化、增强政策法规导向支持等方面提出相关对策。     

Extraterrestrial artificial photosynthetic materials for in-situ resource utilization

Aerospace milestones in human history, including returning to the moon and manned Martian missions, have been implemented in recent years. Space exploration has become one of the global common goals, and to ensure the survival and development of human beings in the extraterrestrial extreme environment has been becoming the basic ability and technology of manned space exploration. For the purpose of fulfilling the goal of extraterrestrial survival, researchers in Nanjing University and the China Academy of Space Technology proposed extraterrestrial artificial photosynthesis (EAP) technology. By simulating the natural photosynthesis of green plants on the Earth, EAP converts CO₂/H₂O into fuel and O₂ in an in-situ, accelerated and controllable manner by using waste CO₂ in the confined space of spacecraft, or abundant CO₂ resources in extraterrestrial celestial environments, e.g. Mars. Thus, the material loading of manned spacecraft can be greatly reduced to support affordable and sustainable deep space exploration. In this paper, EAP technology is compared with existing methods of converting CO₂/H₂O into fuel and O₂ in the aerospace field, especially the Sabatier method and Bosch reduction method. The research progress of possible EAP materials for in-situ utilization of extraterrestrial resources are also discussed in depth. Finally, this review lists the challenges that the EAP process may encounter, which need to be focused on for future implementation and application. We expect to deepen the understanding of artificial photosynthetic materials and technologies, and aim to strongly support the development of manned spaceflight.     

基于粗糙集理论的知识发现

粗糙集理论是一种新型的处理模糊和不确定知识的数学工具。目前已在人工智能、知识与数据发现、模式识别与分类等方面得到了广泛应用。介绍Rough Set理论的基本思想及分析了粗糙集方法的特点,描述一种基于粗糙集理论的知识发现步骤,并以实例作出说明。