中小学教师教学素养、工作压力、主观幸福感的关系

应用教学素养、工作压力、主观幸福感问卷对中小学教师1985人进行调查,探讨教学素养、工作压力、主观幸福感之间的关系.结果发现:教学素养与工作压力具有负相关,学生观、教学组织对工作压力具有显著预测作用;工作压力与主观幸福感具有负相关,职业因素、组织因素、自我因素、学生因素对主观幸福感具有显著预测作用;教学理念、教学技能一方面直接影响工作压力与主观幸福感,另一方面教学理念、教学技能通过工作压力间接影响主观幸福感.     

Catholic women teachers and Scottish education in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

Catholics remained outside the Scottish educational system until 1918. The Church preferred mixed‐sex infant schools and either single‐sex schools or separate departments. In small towns and rural areas the schools were mixed‐sex. Women were considered naturally best suited to teach infants and girls, but even in boys' schools, female assistants were increasingly employed in the later Victorian period. Female religious orders were crucial for developing Catholic education in larger urban centres, but by 1918 only 4% of Scotland's Catholic schoolteachers were members of religious orders. Lay women quickly became numerically predominant in elementary education and were key to implementing the Church's strategy to enhance the respectability of a largely immigrant community through separate schools. It is the contention here that the part played by lay women in Catholic schooling needs to be considered to reflect more widely on the place of women in Scottish education.     

Technical knowledge in a technical society: elementary school technology education in Sweden, 1919–1928

The aim of this article is to identify a technical domain of knowledge in the curriculum of the Swedish elementary school and views on elementary school technology of two interest groups – school teachers and engineers. Gradually during the early to mid‐1920s there was increased technical content in the Swedish elementary school, if we look at the new curriculum, in‐service education and stakeholders’ views. The main reasons for this were, first of all, that the first decades of the twentieth century witnessed industrial growth with accompanying technification of large parts of society including the school. Second, the curriculum of 1919 had a broader technical content than earlier curricula, and thus mirrored the societal changes. Third, vocational secondary schools led to new requirements in respect of elementary technology education. Representatives of the Government were prime movers in enhancing the significance of technology in school together with teachers, while engineers generally showed little interest.     

河南省中学师资队伍建设现状的调查研究

分层随机抽取城市中学教师419人,农村中学教师387人,采用问卷调查、座谈、访谈等研究方法,研究发现,中学教师队伍结构基本合理、教育观念进一步更新、接受继续教育愿望强烈、经济和社会地位也有了一定提高,但学术研究方面比较薄弱。加强教师队伍建设,应进一步明确师资队伍建设的重要性,构建全新的育人观念,提高教师教育水平,提高教师的科学研究能力,建立和完善竞争、激励机制。     

Family and nonfamily support in relation to burnout and work engagement among Italian teachers

Italy had traditionally been considered a family‐oriented culture where support from relatives is primary. The major purpose of this study was to clarify the benefits of social support inside and outside the family for schoolteachers in Italy, focusing on the teacher burnout and work engagement. Findings indicated that the family was by far the most significant source of support. School colleagues who felt close to each other resembled each other in terms of burnout and work engagement. Difficult interactions with colleagues were associated with burnout more extensively at later stages of the teaching career; supervisor support was linked with burnout at an early stage.