Will Earth's next supercontinent assemble through the closure of the Pacific Ocean?

Earth''s known supercontinents are believed to have formed in vastly different ways, with two endmembers being introversion and extroversion. The former involves the closure of the internal oceans formed during the break-up of the previous supercontinent, whereas the latter involves the closure of the previous external superocean. However, it is unclear what caused such diverging behavior of supercontinent cycles that involved first-order interaction between subducting tectonic plates and the mantle. Here we address this question through 4D geodynamic modeling using realistic tectonic set-ups. Our results show that the strength of the oceanic lithosphere plays a critical role in determining the assembly path of a supercontinent. We found that high oceanic lithospheric strength leads to introversion assembly, whereas lower strength leads to extroversion assembly. A theoretically estimated reduction in oceanic crustal thickness, and thus its strength, during Earth''s secular cooling indicates that introversion was only possible for the Precambrian time when the oceanic lithosphere was stronger, thus predicting the assembling of the next supercontinent Amasia through the closure of the Pacific Ocean instead of the Indian-Atlantic oceans. Our work provides a new understanding of the secular evolution of plate tectonics and geodynamics as the Earth cooled.     

Simultaneous changes in seed size,oil content and protein content driven by selection of SWEET homologues during soybean domestication

Soybean accounts for more than half of the global production of oilseed and more than a quarter of the protein used globally for human food and animal feed. Soybean domestication involved parallel increases in seed size and oil content, and a concomitant decrease in protein content. However, science has not yet discovered whether these effects were due to selective pressure on a single gene or multiple genes. Here, re-sequencing data from >800 genotypes revealed a strong selection during soybean domestication on GmSWEET10a. The selection of GmSWEET10a conferred simultaneous increases in soybean-seed size and oil content as well as a reduction in the protein content. The result was validated using both near-isogenic lines carrying substitution of haplotype chromosomal segments and transgenic soybeans. Moreover, GmSWEET10b was found to be functionally redundant with its homologue GmSWEET10a and to be undergoing selection in current breeding, leading the the elite allele GmSWEET10b, a potential target for present-day soybean breeding. Both GmSWEET10a and GmSWEET10b were shown to transport sucrose and hexose, contributing to sugar allocation from seed coat to embryo, which consequently determines oil and protein contents and seed size in soybean. We conclude that past selection of optimal GmSWEET10a alleles drove the initial domestication of multiple soybean-seed traits and that targeted selection of the elite allele GmSWEET10b may further improve the yield and seed quality of modern soybean cultivars.     

发展农业灌溉为长江流域西部大开发夯实基础

长江流域西部地区 ,农业灌溉发展缓慢 ,灌溉面积偏小 ,粮食总量偏低 ,制约国民经济持续发展。提出对老化灌区进行更新改造 ,扩大灌溉面积 ,提高单位面积产量 ;实行节水灌溉 ,改革灌区管理体制 ,完善监督执法体系 ,增加粮食总量 ,为西部大开发创造有利条件     

枣树丰产栽培技术

枣树的栽培管理技术是：在萌芽期栽植，在盛花期进行环剥调节营养生长与结果生长的关系，在花期喷植物生长调节剂，在休眠期，生长期生长修剪。     

不同镁肥对烤烟产量和品质的影响

通过田间试验探讨不同镁肥对烤烟产量和品质的影响。研究结果表明福建省烟区土壤增施镁肥可提高烤烟产量14.28～19.19%,增加上等烟叶数量8.77～12.75%,每667m2增加经济效益181.88～242.47元。以施用氢氧化镁的增产效果最好,氧化镁和硫酸镁次之。     

高铁酸钡的电化学合成研究

以2BaO·Fe2O3为正极材料、GP镍氢和镍铬二次商业电池的阴极材料为负极.以13.5 mol·dm-3KOH溶液为电解液,在隔膜电解池中电化学合成高铁酸钡。在合成温度为20℃,电流密度约0.18mA/cm2、电化学合成时间约为50小时的条件下,充电电压为1.45-1.58V,高铁酸钡产率为52.1%。     

钢结构材料在高温(火灾)条件下的力学性能试验研究

从基本的钢结构材料在高温下的力学性能着手 ,进行高温条件下钢结构材料的性能试验 ,建立高温下钢材的屈服强度、极限强度、弹性模量和极限应变随温度变化的力学模型 ,为高温 (火灾 )条件下钢结构的结构分析提供依据。     

在《种子法》执法实践中的思考

我国的《种子法》虽是一部比较成功的法律,但在笔者长期的执法实践中,发现了一些问题和不足。这些问题和不足需要在将来的立法中予以修正完善。     

丙烯基芥末油生产工艺研究

本文介绍了从十字花科植物芥菜种籽中提取丙烯基芥末油的方法并对其生产工艺进行了新的研究。经过多次实验验证了文献记载的工艺“水解——蒸馏法”在常温常压下出油率低,进而根据影响反应的关键探索出了可行性提油生产工艺“水解——油萃法”。     

甲烷氧化偶联催化剂的制备及表征

本文报道了一系列甲烷氧化偶联催化剂的制备过程及其催化性能,筛选出一个催化性能优良,又具有赣南特色的甲烷氧化偶联催化剂,其组成是Mn_2O_3—Na_3WO_4/SiO_2,代号W—34,并用XRD,BET,UV—DRS,EPR,LRS等方法对该催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,在最佳反应条件下,在W—34催化剂上甲烷转化率为36.8％,C_2烃收率达到22.9％。在该催化剂中,W是以Na_2WO_4形式存在,Mn则以Mn_2O_3形式存在,而SiO_2已由无定型构型转变成。一方石英构型。