‘When words don't come easily’: personal narratives from adolescents experiencing shyness as an emotional and behavioural problem in the school context

The purpose of this article is to present narratives from 15 adolescents experiencing shy behaviour as an emotional and behavioural problem in the school context in light of narrative understanding. The investigation is intended to generate knowledge about this largely under‐researched phenomenon based on the personal accounts of those who are actually experiencing it. Their narratives are the foundation for a discussion regarding implications for future practice in the context of school in relation to this group.     

羞怯水平、表情属性对大学生面孔表情识别的影响

运用《大学生羞怯量表》对160名大学生进行问卷调查,选取20名高羞怯组大学生、20名低羞怯组大学生参与E-prime实验程序,以研究不同羞怯水平大学生在面孔表情识别上的差异.结果显示:不同羞怯水平大学生的面孔表情识别存在显著差异;个体对不同强度的表情图片的识别存在显著差异;个体对低强度正性表情的反应时显著大于对高强度及中强度正性表情的反应时,对低强度负性表情的反应时显著大于对高强度负性表情的反应时.研究结果表明:羞怯水平、表情的强度与性质对大学生的面孔表情识别有重要影响.     

Teacher Responses to Anxiety in Children Questionnaire (TRAC): psychometric properties and relationship with teaching staff characteristics

This study describes the development and evaluation of a new measure, the Teacher Responses to Anxiety in Children (TRAC) questionnaire in 74 primary school teachers. TRAC presents 9 hypothetical scenarios in which a child displays generalized anxiety/worry, social anxiety or separation anxiety symptoms. Teachers rate each scenario on six subscales that reflect different ways of responding to child anxiety. Overall, TRAC showed good internal reliability, with factor analytic results suggesting that it assesses three factors: Autonomy-Promoting, Anxiety-Promoting and Reward responses. Male teachers were significantly more likely than female teachers to use Anxiety-Promoting responses. More experienced teachers reported significantly more reinforcement of anxious avoidance than less experienced teachers, and teaching assistants reported significantly fewer overprotective responses. Teaching staff reported significantly more Autonomy-Promoting responses in social anxiety or generalised anxiety/worry scenarios compared to separation anxiety scenarios. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for teacher training in the management of child anxiety.     

The association of perceived communication apprehension,shyness, and verbal aggression with perceptions of source credibility and affect in organizational and interpersonal contexts

This is a report of two studies that examined the association of receivers' perceptions of sources' levels of several communication traits (shyness, communication apprehension, verbal aggressiveness) with the receivers' reported levels of affect for the source (general affect and/or liking) and the receivers' perceptions of the sources' credibility (competence, trustworthiness, goodwill). Study 1 examined employees’ perceptions of their supervisor's communication trait behaviors in the organizational context, while Study 2 examined the students' perceptions of their roommate's communication trait behaviors in an interpersonal context. As predicted on the basis of previous theory and research, both perceived communication apprehension and perceived verbal aggressiveness of the source were found to be substantially negatively correlated with credibility and affect and/or liking reported by the receiver. Contrary to our hypothesis, perceived behavioral shyness was not meaningfully associated with either credibility or affect. It is concluded that these results provide important information for distinguishing between the theoretical constructs of shyness and communication apprehension and theory in this area in general.     

The impact of communication apprehension on college student retention and success

Communication apprehension is conceptualized as a causal agent in student success. It is implicated in both academic and interpersonal success, two factors identified by prior resesarch as primary predictors of persistence. A four year longitudinal study of the impact of communication apprehension on grade point average and persistence at the university level was conducted. Results indicated high CA students were significantly more likely to drop out and attain lower grade point averages compared to low CA students. The impact of CA was strongest during the first two years. A replication of the study confirmed the impact of CA on student persistence. It is concluded the impact of CA on the probablity of high CA students’ survival in college is substantial and this impact adds to the case favoring the provision of training programs to assist such students overcome their apprehension about communication.     

'I just sit there': shyness as an emotional and behavioural problem in school

Shyness is not unlike many psychological constructs in that it connotes a rich cluster of behaviours, cognitions, feelings and bodily reactions. But when adolescents' shyness creates keen sensitivity to cues of being rejected, preventing them from speaking up for their rights and expressing their own opinions, thereby encouraging self-consciousness and excessive preoccupation with their emotions, it becomes a problem for both these adolescents and their surroundings. This paper presents 10 adolescents' experiences of being shy in a school context to such a degree that it is regarded as being a behavioural and emotional problem. In light of elements from an existential-phenomenological understanding, challenges and remedial measures for these adolescents as well as their peers and teachers are discussed. Finally, focus will be placed on how teachers can promote good relationships and working environments and in this manner prevent shyness from becoming a behavioural and emotional problem in school.     

大学生择业效能感现状及其与羞怯的关系

为了探索大学生羞怯心理对择业效能感的影响机制,本研究采用《羞怯量表》和《大学生择业效能感量表》对320名大学生进行调查。结果发现：（1）大学生的择业效能感略高于平均水平。（2）大学生的择业效能感在是否担任学生干部、年级、性别上差异显著,在科类上差异不显著。（3）大学生羞怯与择业效能感之间呈现显著负相关,羞怯对于择业效能感的预测程度由高到低依次为：问题解决、收集信息、选择目标、自我评价、制定计划。     

羞涩、遮蔽与阉割──《白鹿原》的文化解读

本文从文化人类学的角度对《白鹿原》中的性描写进行深层挖掘。作者认为,中国乡土社会是一个非常重视肉身生存的社会,而肉身关注的焦点是男性。但是,漫长的历史过程中,乡土社会由关心爱护肉身,养成一种肉身羞涩,又由羞涩导致肉身遮蔽。长期的遮蔽造成男性肉身生存者对肉身的蒙昧无知,这实际等于对其作了阉割手术。《白鹿原》对乡土人生这方面作了深刻的描写和表现,有助于我们对乡土人生的重新认识。     

美术教学中鼓励教学法的运用

在多年的教学实践中,不断尝试用鼓励教学法进行教学,从而深刻体会到这是一种注重学生身心发展的有效方法。课堂中运用好鼓励会提高学生的学习热情,能更好地激发学生的创作激情,并强化他们创新意识和主观能动性,进而更好地提高教学效果,使学生有更多的收获。     

大学生害羞、孤独感及其关系研究

采用问卷法对500名大学生进行调查,探讨大学生害羞、孤独感的特点及其相互关系。结果发现：（1）大学生害羞的生源地差异显著,农村大学生在害羞的行为、情绪层面的均分及总均分上均显著高于城市大学生。（2）大学生孤独感的总体水平较低,性别差异显著,男生孤独感高于女生。（3）大学生孤独感与害羞的三个层面相关显著,害羞的行为和认知层面是大学生孤独感的显著预测指标。