Asking the ‘Right’ Questions. Identifying Issues in Developing a Technological Solution

It is well established that technological education is not just about the development of technical expertise. A socially constructed view of technology aims to recognise the culture of technology. Technology education as expressed in the New Zealand curriculum provides an opportunity for societal issues to have equal space with technological capability and technological knowledge. However, when technological activities focus on solutions it is all too easy for stakeholders' positions to be ignored. There is a need for a teaching approach to engage in a liberating technological literacy discourse where values and beliefs of all participants directly and indirectly involved in the activity, are examined. This research monitored a professional development programme where identification of the values represented in a familiar object provided a model for discussion and the development of a teaching environment that promoted consideration of values during problem-solving. The data have been collected from primary school teachers who developed teaching programmes for Years 1 to 8 (5–12 years).     

中世纪英国国王的财政特权

在中世纪英国,根据封君封臣制度,作为全国最高封建主的国王享有一系列财政特权,包括郡包租、特别协助金、继承金、监护权和婚姻权、王室森林区收入等,它们每年都为国王带来大量的收入。从13世纪后期起,随着动产税和关税的征收,税收在国王收入中所占的比重越来越大,国王逐渐放弃了一些财政特权,但是国王的一些财政特权直到英国资产阶级革命才被有条件地废除。     

论阿诺德的文化政治观

马修·阿诺德是维多利亚时期最伟大的文化批评家之一,其文化批评理论开一代文化批评之先河。他的文化观念与政治关系密切,将政治放到文化语境中来理解。基于他对英国社会的阶级划分和批判,阐释他对中产阶级的文化改造;通过与柯尔律治和葛兰西的对照,指出他对于国家的文化性理解;分析了他对于自由主义的认识,指出他力图通过文化的手段引导和提升自由的发展。     

促进主动学习(英文)

本文原是1997年10月在南平师专举办的“世行贷款师资发展项目闽、桂、赣英语学科教学法省级研讨班”讲座稿。笔者在提出了讨论观点后,探究了主动学习的概念。根据对一组亚洲学生,特别是对中国学生的研究结果,举出了好学生在学习语言(这里指外语)时选择的手段。为了将教育的主要重点从教师转向学生,笔者认为对那些好学生的反应我们应该谨慎对待,某种学习态度的改变也许会对学习效果产生影响。在这个过程中,笔者没有忘记教师。为此,文章还列举了参加研讨班教师们提出的有关促进主动学习的建议,供大家今后能有效地进行学习者培训作参考。     

Included or excluded? The dual influences of the organisational field and organisational practices on new female academics

A number of measures have been taken by the society to ensure gender equality in higher education. Nevertheless, women still face great difficulties when pursuing an academic career. Our aim is to increase the understanding of how the society, conceptualised as the organisational field, interacts with organisational factors and personal actions as women try to establish themselves within academia. We followed a group of female PhD students and their struggle to graduate at a Swedish, traditionally male‐dominated, university department. The paper analyses how actors and regulations in the society interact with the department’s gendered structures and practices. Three processes that influenced the women’s career opportunities have been identified – a process of integration, liberation and legitimatisation. We also show that women can get accepted and realise their short‐term objective, based on support from the society, while not necessarily being included by the department in a longer‐term perspective.     

关于江苏省社会考试实施计算机网络管理的几点思考

社会考试的迅猛发展对考试组织者的管理水平提出了更高的要求,积极推动社会考试向网络化、科学化方向发展成为社会考试工作者努力探索研究的方向。本文以江苏省成功组织的四次全国中小学教师教育技术水平考试为例,从考试组织管理的角度,探讨了网上考试的特点、网上考试存在的困难和问题,以及解决问题的策略。     

中国古代艺术社会观审视

中国古代美学和艺理论中,蕴含着极其丰富的艺术社会学思想,以孔子为代表的儒家在“入世”精神指导下,提倡艺为社会,艺为人生的艺术观,把艺作为现实政治伦理目的工具;道家在追求“与天地精神相往来”的人生境界时,把人生引向审美和艺术;禅宗则是以宗教形式表现出来的人生艺术化的最高境界。     

浅析素质教育的根基与特点

素质教育应以科学性、人性为本，其基本特征有五个方面；起点的差异性：内容的全面性；主体的能动性；结构的合理性；要求的整体性。     

绿色信贷新论：透过公司社会责任思想演化的思考

循着“公司社会责任→绿色责任→绿色金融→绿色信贷”的思想演化轨迹,中国的绿色信贷实践以赤道原则这个金融组织的社会责任基准为切入点,努力实现与国际绿色发展潮流的接轨。但由于制度性瓶颈和技术性瓶颈的制约,绿色信贷通往赤道原则之路依然很长。     

A Comparison of Thailand and New Zealand Students’ Ideas About Energy Related to Technological and Societal Issues

This study is a cross-cultural comparison between the ideas of 49 Thai Grade 9 students and the 30 New Zealand Grade 9 students (approximately 15 years old), about energy related to technological and societal issues. Students’ ideas were explored using the Questionnaire for exploring Students’ ideas about Energy, Technological, and Societal issues (QSETS). The QSETS questionnaire gave students the opportunity to express their ideas about energy related to societal and technological issues. Both groups of students were presented with the same set of issues, but specific places were related to each student’s own country. The study reveals some interesting student ideas that might be generated from engaging in different contexts. It seemed that the 15-year-old students had difficulty in perceiving the relationship between the study of society and energy. Around 50% of both groups of students did not understand, and did not know enough about, questions which referred to the relationship between society and energy. Thai and New Zealand students held different values in decision-making. Thai students placed value on decisionmaking concerning the development of the country. They strongly believed in scientific application for solving social problems. New Zealand students valued decision-making in relation to environmental issues. They were not quite sure that scientific knowledge could solve problems. They thought that science applications caused damage to the environment. This study has implications for the development of teaching approaches in different countries.