运动与补Na

对运动员大量出汗导致体内总Na的亏空所引起的各种类型的热疾病分别进行了论述，强调了运动前和运动中补Na的重要性，并推荐了几种补Na的方法。     

Environmentally-induced stone decay: the cumulative effects of crystallization–hydration cycles on a Lincolnshire oopelsparite limestone

An investigation has been undertaken at St Andrew’s church, Walpole St Andrew, Norfolk, to establish the underlying causes of the observed stone decay to the upper parts of the six stone piers. The stone decay was first recorded in the early 1930s. The salt-contaminated masonry within the church has been shown to undergo severe salt decay during the summer, with little damage occurring over the winter months. The south aisle piers have been shown to decay 2.5 times faster than the north aisle piers. Although crystallization–hydration cycles have been identified, the rate of decay is at its greatest when the cycling is relatively infrequent. This was not the expected trend. Furthermore, it has been shown that during extended periods where the ambient relative humidity is less than 75%, the rate of decay reaches a maximum. It is the length of this ‘drying’ period that apparently has the greatest influence on the rate of decay and could explain the significant difference in the rate of decay between the south and north aisle piers. The results have serious implications for passive conservation, where it is often recommended to lower the ambient relative humidity to well below the equilibrium relative humidity of the salt contaminant, to avoid crystallization–hydration cycles. Since, at the time of building, the church was situated on the coast, it is possible that the sodium chloride contamination occurred during the building process (1440–1520), particularly since the area was prone to sea-flooding at this time. Alternatively, the salt could have been applied as a treatment during the general restoration of 1897. Whatever the source of the salt, it seems likely that the ambient environment was changed by the insertion of a sealed floor in 1897, which could account for the onset of the salt decay.     

The effect of modifiers on the stability of a vinyl acetate/ethylene copolymer dispersion

This paper examines the effect of modifiers on the stability of a vinyl acetate/ethylene copolymer dispersion adhesive upon aging. Eighteen common modifiers were added to a well-characterized vinyl acetate/ethylene copolymer dispersion (Dur-O-Set^® E-150) in known concentrations and dry-film samples were subjected to 16–17 years of dark aging and seven to eight years of light aging. Yellowing, pH, gloss, swelling, cohesive strength, and flexibility were monitored for changes upon aging. Generally, the neat Dur-O-Set^® E-150 (no additives) was found to become acidic on aging, but was fairly resistant to yellowing. It also swelled substantially in toluene, was of high gloss, medium strength, and flexible, and remained so on aging. No modifier was found to improve these properties. Various solvents, wetting agents, and thickeners did not alter the properties by much, while plasticizers, freeze-thaw stabilizer, glycerin, and certain fillers had a more negative effect.     

醋酸钙镁冰雪融化剂的制备及融冰效果小试

本文制备了醋酸钙美(CMA) 冰雪融化剂并在实验室小试了其融冰能力,并与氯化钠和氰化钙进行了比较。结果表明,CMA组成和环境温度对CMA融冰效果有很大影响。CMA适宜在环境温度-11℃以上使用,CMA中钙镁比为7:3时,融冰能力可以达到氯化钠和氯化钙的75％～80％,是一种优良的冰雪融化剂。     

无机洗涤助剂的进展

介绍了国内外洗涤助剂的发展状况，传统洗涤助剂磷酸盐被限制，沸石类助剂有局限，层状硅酸钠以优良的洗涤性能，环保无污染的特点，成为洗涤工业的新宠。     

用正交试验选择FA-Ⅱ氯酸钠电解槽最佳工艺条件

本文探讨了在FA-Ⅱ氯酸钠电解槽中,电解氯化钠溶液制备氯酸钠的适宜工艺条件.采用正交试验方法,考察了电流密度、电解液PH值、电解温度、氯化钠含量等对电解电耗的影响,确定了FA-Ⅱ电解槽最佳工艺条件.     

磷钨杂多酸催化合成乙酸正己酯

以磷钨杂多酸为催化剂,通过乙酸和正己醇的酯化反应合成了乙酸正己酯,并对影响酯化率的因素进行了研究.结果表明:反应的最佳条件为:乙酸为0.1 mol时,醇酸物质的量比为1.4,催化剂用量为0.3 g,带水剂为15 mL,在温度为110~130℃下,反应30 min,酯化率可达99.6%以上.     

次氯酸钠化学品的研究及应用

对次氯酸钠的制备、化学品性状、重要无机化学反应以及在水处理等方面的应用进行了综述。     

3,7-二甲基-2-十三碳醇乙酸酯的合成——松叶蜂Diprion pini性信息素活性组分

对松叶蜂 diprion pini性信息素活性组分 3,7-二甲基 -2 -十三碳醇乙酸酯的全合成进行了研究 .以丙二酸二乙酯和 2 ,3-环氧丁烷为原料 ,分别合成了两个重要结构单元—— 2 -甲基 -1-辛烷基锂和 3,4-二甲基 -γ-丁内酯 .2 -甲基 -1-辛烷基锂与 3,4-二甲基 -γ-丁内酯反应 ,得到的酮醇再经黄鸣龙还原 ,得到 3,7-二甲基 -2 -十三碳醇 ,经酯化 ,得到 3,7-二甲基 -2 -十三碳醇乙酸酯     

粗十水碱半干法制备过碳酸钠的研究

采用半干法新工艺,以粗十水碳酸钠为原料替代工业碳酸钠,制备得过碳酸钠产品,可充分利用十水碳酸钠的溶解热使反应物料温度很快从室温(25℃)降至低温(70C—8℃),实现节能降耗。经正交试验优化得适宜的制备工艺条件为每40克粗十水碳酸钠用30%H_2O_216ml,各0.2gEDTA 和 Na_2SiO_3复合使用为内稳定剂,各0.2g,MgSO_4和 Na_2HPO_4复合使用为外稳定剂,产品质量符合部颁合格标准,一次性产率迭89.5%。