化学农药对稻田昆虫群落组成及其动态的影响

本文对不同用药水平处理下的稻田昆虫群落及其动态的变化情况进行了研究。 1、稻田昆虫群落物种丰富度,在时间序列变化中,天敌种类数多于害虫类;在用药处理田,害虫和天敌种类数低于未用药田。经存在度分析,稻田共有27种以上的常见种,其中害虫10种,捕食性天敌昆虫5种,寄生性天敌昆虫6种。稻田蜘蛛6种。 2、优势度在用药处理下均趋降低,但降低水平不一致,害虫类优势度降低值比天敌类降低值高,而在叶面活动的天敌优势度降低明显。     

Comparative studies on phenotypic plasticity of two herbs, Changium smyrnioides and Anthriscus sylvestris

The endangered medicinal herb, Changium smyrnioides can only be found in deciduous forest gaps within the middle to northern subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forest zone of China. The considerable plasticity of its shoot and root structure helps it to capture light more effectively in winter and early spring, and to adapt to the soil moisture conditions in its narrow habitat. Another medicinal plant, Anthriscus sylvestris, is of similar economic importance but commonly distributed widely. In contrast to C. smyrnioides, it has low structural plasticity. It is also specialized to adapt to the moist and sunny environment, where habitat, such as the banks of creeks and rivers, is abundant.     

外来物种入侵的法律问题研究

随着国际交往的日益频繁，人类的活动有意或无意地将产于某地的生物带到另一地，造成了生物多样性的严重损害。现在普遍认为，生物人侵是导致生物多样性丧失的主要因素之一，仅次于生物环境破坏的影响，其最终会导致大量物种的灭绝。但我国在防治外来物种人侵方面存在着现有法律责任追究制度不健全、宣传教育方面的不足，对此我们应采取加强风险预防的制度、建立引种许可证制度及备案制度、确立管理机构并监督部门的管理等对策。     

文峪河上游河岸带及其毗邻高地植物群落物种研究

本文以文峪河上游干流3个河段两侧9个河岸带样地及其毗邻高地12个样地的调查资料为基础,用DCA排序法及Margalef物种丰富度指数研究了各类群落物种分布格局及丰富度,结果显示：①河岸带植被存在从源头到下游的纵向格局和从河边到高地的侧向格局,其中纵向格局主要与海拔变化带来气候、土壤等因素的梯度分布有关,侧向格局是相对河流距离、相对河面高度、土壤湿度和养分梯度等因子的综合反映。②DCA排序不仅适合较大尺度下群落生境差异的分析,也适合很小范围内群落生境差异的分析,排序轴可以用海拔、相对河面位置和相对河面距离等因素来解释;③高地群落比河岸带群落在乔木层和草本层有更高的物种丰富度,在灌木层则较低,具体到每个河段情况又有所差异,不能确定河岸带群落就一定比高地群落有更高的物种丰富度。④适当的干扰可以提高群落某些层次的物种丰富度,干扰过度会降低群落某些层次的物种丰富度。     

三种国产兰属植物核型研究及其系统分类学意义

分析3种国产兰属植物,即春兰、春剑、惠兰的核型,并结合已有的形态学及核型资料对其分类及核型进化进行了初步的讨论,结果表明这3种兰属植物的染色体数目比较保守,变异不大,并且核型也具有较高的对称性。3种兰属植物的染色体核型差异与形态差异具明显的对应相关关系,说明兰属植物的形态变化更多的与遗传因素有关。     

Molecular hydrogen is a promising therapeutic agent for pulmonary disease

Molecular hydrogen exerts biological effects on nearly all organs. It has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects and contributes to the regulation of autophagy and cell death. As the primary organ for gas exchange, the lungs are constantly exposed to various harmful environmental irritants. Short- or long-term exposure to these harmful substances often results in lung injury, causing respiratory and lung diseases. Acute and chronic respiratory diseases have high rates of morbidity and mortality and have become a major public health concern worldwide. For example, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. An increasing number of studies have revealed that hydrogen may protect the lungs from diverse diseases, including acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we highlight the multiple functions of hydrogen and the mechanisms underlying its protective effects in various lung diseases, with a focus on its roles in disease pathogenesis and clinical significance.     

生境片断化对遗传多样性的影响

由于人类活动造成的生境破碎,对生态系统的影响很大,使片断状生境中的生物因子和非生物因子都发生了一系列变化,生境片断化将物种种群分割为若干个小种群,影响物种的迁入和迁出,基因的流动受阻,遗传变异丧失,加之小种群易于灭绝,结果使种群遗传多样性减少,从而加速物种灭绝的进程。     

茶小绿叶蝉优势种的归属的分子依据

从中国农业科学院茶叶研究所的国家茶树资源圃随机采集茶小绿叶蝉个体,用RAPD标记技术,拟从DNA水平上探索茶小绿叶蝉个体间的遗传距离和亲缘关系,为茶小绿叶蝉优势种的归属提供分子水平上的依据。所选的14个随机引物共扩增出81条谱带,59条多态性条带,多态性为72．84％,表明叶蝉个体间有较丰富的遗传多样性,但未发现可以区别不同种的特异性条带和引物。UPGMA法聚类分析也表明,叶蝉个体间遗传距离在0．17～0．46之间,说明茶小绿叶蝉的遗传基础较一致,存在异种的可能性几乎没有。本文为茶小绿叶蝉的优势种的归属提供了一定的分子基础,结合前人对茶小绿叶蝉的形态学研究,认为茶小绿叶蝉的优势种为假眼小绿叶蝉,小绿叶蝉未在茶园中未形成种群。