试论墨家对中国武术传播与发展的影响

墨家是战国时期的一个重要学派,当时与儒家并称"显学".墨家从经济、政治、伦理、教育、军事等诸方面对于中国武术的传播与发展做出了重要贡献,从而体现了墨家的重要历史价值及其在中国文化史占有的重要地位.     

球类运动在中国的传播及其原因

采用文献分析与综述、逻辑类比等研究方法,对球类运动项目传入我国的基本途径及原因进行初步研究。结果显示:球类运动传入中国是近代中西体育文化交流与传播的产物,既有文化同化下的输入与移植,又存在有意识地寻求与主动地吸收的双向过程;古代中国的球类游戏与现代球类项目之间千丝万缕的联系为球类项目传入中国奠定了一定的基础;球类运动在中国的传播与当时的政治、经济、科技、文化的发展和社会进步关系十分密切;由于球类运动具有广泛的群众基础,易于被社会各阶层所接受,受到了人们的广泛喜爱。     

民族体育的特征、功能和传播方式

民族体育的性质是一种初级文化。其主要特征表现为:活动形式简单、粗糙;内涵鲜明、生动;地域特色浓郁。其基本功能是娱乐;教育;整合。其传播方式主要有:文化同步的发展;使民族体育之间在一定程度上得以沟通;文化交流使民族体育之间进行着有意识地融合;民族生产力的发展,形成对异族体育文化的接受。     

对不同项群运动员运动负荷前后左心室舒张功能的观察

为了评价不同项群运动员左心室舒张功能,对12名耐力项目运动员和12名速度力量项目运动员12min前后二尖瓣血流频谱进行了检测。结果表明:12min跑后耐力组血流速度积分和E/A明显减小,速度力量组血流速度积分、E峰值和E/A减小十分明显,A峰值减小明显,两组运动员血流速度积分、E峰值和E/A存在显著差异。说明,耐力组左心室舒张主动松驰及被动充盈能力均好于速度力量组。     

动态运动诱发腰部脊竖肌疲劳过程中sEMG信号变化特征

本研究的目的在于观察动态运动诱发腰部脊竖肌疲劳过程中sEMG信号线性分析指标MPF和非线性分析指标Lempel-Ziv复杂度和近似熵的动态变化规律，确定能够较好地运用于脊竖肌功能评价的sEMG指标。研究结果表明，动态运动过程中，腰部脊竖肌sEMG信号的MPF和Lempel-Ziv复杂度均呈明显的线性规律下降；70%的受试者的近似熵呈先升后降型变化;以MPF下降来预测腰部脊竖肌功能水平的外部效度优于Lempel-Ziv复杂度。研究结果提示，sEMG信号的上述变化可能是神经肌肉系统自组织调节活动的表现。     

2000年武术散打规则变动的分析研究

文章介绍了2000年武术散打规则的修改，并对修改后的部分内容进行可行性分析。通过文献资料法及专家访谈法，就修改后规则的部分内容规定提出了一些相应的训练方法及对策。旨在为散打运动发展的客观决策提供依据，为散打运动的技术发展和教练员的训练提供参考。     

高频心电图和频谱心电图的进展及其在体育运动中的应用

心电图高频成分分析以及心电信号的频谱分析，是近年来在国内外发展的一种新型心电检测技术，尤其是９０年代初此种技术研究临床医学中发展甚速，已形成了一种全新的无创技术。笔者综述了此技术之历史沿革和目前进展，尤其是在体育运动中的应用。     

基于深度强化学习的低轨卫星下行功率分配方案

当前的卫星资源分配方案大多为同步轨道卫星设计,针对低轨卫星的高动态特性,以及存在频率和功率资源受限的问题,提出一种基于深度强化学习的功率分配算法。首先对低轨卫星功率分配场景进行建模,引入一种时隙划分方案来简化低轨卫星的动态特性模型,进一步提出一种基于深度强化学习算法的功率分配策略,该策略通过调节单颗低轨卫星各个波束中子载波的功率值,降低同频干扰,能达到提升低轨卫星频谱效率的目的。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够在较短时间内收敛并达到稳定状态,在总功率一定的条件下,该方案能有效提升单颗低轨卫星的吞吐量,其频谱效率明显高于注水算法和Q学习算法。     

The deployment,training and teacher relationships of teaching assistants supporting pupils with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) in mainstream secondary schools

Growing numbers of pupils with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are attending mainstream schools, and increasing numbers of additional staff are being deployed to support them. Recent research has cast doubt on the effectiveness of this support, by highlighting issues relating to deployment and training, and to relationships with class teachers. This study, conducted by Wendy Symes, who is a Research Associate at the University of Manchester, and Neil Humphrey, who is Professor of Education in the same university, interviewed 15 teaching assistants supporting pupils with ASD in four mainstream secondary schools in the north‐west of England to explore these issues. Analysis yielded several key findings. The majority of teaching assistants worked with just one pupil at a time and worked in a variety of lessons. Their role primarily involved helping pupils to stay focused and follow instructions. Many teaching assistants had no experience of ASD prior to starting their job. The amount of training received varied, but all felt that generic training about ASD was not helpful. A lack of time for joint planning with teachers was raised as a key concern. These findings are discussed in relation to the growing literature on inclusive education for pupils with ASD.     

Mapping the educational experiences of children with pathological demand avoidance

‘Pathological demand avoidance’ (PDA) describes a pattern of difficulties increasingly recognised as forming part of the autistic spectrum. Although clinical reports suggest that children with PDA are likely to experience considerable difficulties in education, their educational experiences have not yet been explored in any systematic way. In the current study, 42 parents of children with PDA completed a questionnaire about their child's educational experiences. Parents' responses indicated that this group of children displays high levels of problem behaviours in school, and receives corresponding high levels of special educational need support and professional involvement. Despite this support, the group had experienced high rates of exclusion and placement breakdown, with only 48% now in mainstream education. Parents reported relatively high satisfaction in their children's educational placements, with success defined by parents in terms of child outcomes, school characteristics and PDA‐specific factors. Findings are discussed with reference to what is known about the educational experiences of children with more typical autism spectrum conditions and in terms of the implications for the inclusion of this group of children with complex needs.