Dealing with disagreement: The roles of topic familiarity and disagreement explanation in evaluation of conflicting expert claims and sources

Learners may increasingly encounter conflicting expert reports. However, little is known about how they deal with this challenge. We examined how learners' familiarity with a controversial historical topic affects their epistemic judgments of conflicting expert claims and sources, the interplay of their claim and source evaluation strategies, and their meta-epistemic understanding of the legitimacy of the disagreement (absolutist, multiplist, and evaluativist perspectives). In two studies, topic familiarity increased agreement with belief-consistent expert claims and the perceived trustworthiness of the expert who presented these claims. Topic familiarity also impacted the coordination of evaluation strategies and led to greater reliance on knowledge-based validation. However, topic familiarity did not affect meta-epistemic understanding of the legitimacy of the controversy. In the second study, reading an explanation about reasons for disagreements between historians resulted in higher evaluativism. Teaching about expert disagreement may be a productive approach for promoting appreciation of the diversity of knowledge.     

A meta-cognitive approach to doping in sports: The effects of thought validation on attitudes related to doping

ABSTRACT

To better understand doping-related attitude change, it is important to consider not only the amount of thinking (i.e., elaboration) done by message recipients, but also the favourability of their thoughts in response to the proposal, as well as the perceived validity in their thoughts. The main goal of the present study was to analyse the effects of a meta-cognitive process (i.e., thought validation) on attitudes related to doping. Thus, we randomly assigned participants to read a message either against or in favour of legalising several doping behaviours. Participants listed their thoughts regarding the proposal and indicated the perceived validity in their thoughts, then reported their attitudes. As hypothesised, the message against legalisation elicited more unfavourable thoughts and attitudes than the message in favour of legalisation. Most relevantly, the effects of the message direction on attitudes were greater for participants with higher (vs. lower) levels of thought validity. Furthermore, consistent with the thought validation process, results revealed that thought favourability was a better predictor of attitudes for participants with higher (vs. lower) perceived thought validity, indicating that perceiving one’s thoughts as valid plays an important role in persuasion. These findings provide novel insights for research and interventions regarding doping in sports.     

对实现我国冬奥会金牌零的突破的哲学思考

通过中国体育在美国盐湖城第19届冬奥会上实现金牌零的突破这件事,从马克思主义哲学的高度,总结和分析中国冬季体育发展过程中的经验与教训。论证了攀登奥运顶峰阶段理论对实践的指导意义。分析了体育管理者、教练员、运动员研究竞技体育的规律,学会辩证思维方法,提高理论素养的重要性。     

国内运动生物力学发展现状思考

运动生物力学是一门新兴的边缘性科学，其定义、研究范畴、研究方法都有待商榷。从这三个角度出发，主要对大量资料进行归纳总结，综合、概括了目前国内运动生物力学发展状况。力求对我国的运动生物力学发展的状况勾勒出一个清晰的脉络图，以便在这门学科今后的研究中减少盲目性，具有更强的实用性。     

对中美少年田径运动水平现状比较及理性思考

通过对中美两国少年田径锦标赛前8名运动成绩的数据统计，比较了两国田径运动各项目运动水平的现状差距，分析了两国少年运动水平产生差距的实质原因。从而挖掘出更深层次，更为理性的训练理念。     

体育教学与体育态度学习关系的综述

体育态度在学校范围内是一种学科态度,学生通过有效途径可以获得这种态度.体育态度学习包括态度的形式和改变,体育态度的获得要经过顺从、认同、内化三个阶段.体育态度学习是在一定条件下发生的,它是内、外条件共同作用的结果.内部条件包括:学习信念、学习心向、认知失衡、知觉判断.外部条件包括:和谐人际环境、能够获得强化、能够体验成功、树立成功榜样.     

论高校体育教学中学生创新思维能力的培养

通过树立现代体育教学观念、优化体育课堂教学、优选体育教学法等几个方面论述了学生创新思维能力的培养。     

多维格局的求是精神——评王辉斌教授《李白求是录》

王辉斌教授李白研究力著《李白求是录》出版了,这是近年来李白研究的最新成果。作者从动态型式的整体观照、多元视角的系统思维、宏微互渗的立体态势等多维格局去研究李白,使人窥视到李白学术研究纵深处的许多壶奥,因而此书在还原历史真相的同时又具有方法论的深远意义。     

以线段长为方程根的中考题析解

以两线段长为一元二次方程的根的问题的解法，是把一元二次方程与几何问题直接挂钩。沟通了几何与二次方程之间的联系。     

高等师范院校学生体育态度变化的实证研究

体育态度是指个体对体育活动所持的评价、体验和行为倾向的综合表现。体育态度调节着人对体育参与的行为选择和行为反应，影响着体育学习和锻炼的效果和效率。高师学生的职业定向是教师，重视和加强高师学生体育态度的形成与培养．对推动中小学校体育与健康活动广泛与深入地开展及提高未来教师队伍的健康水平等，都具有特殊意义。本文在调查研究的基础上，就不同年级学生对体育课教学所持的态度及参加体育锻炼的行为表现等问题展开探讨。