Covid-19: Emerging Considerations for Body Sourcing and Handling. A Perspective View from Nigeria

The current Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic has spread to about 220 countries of the world and has resulted in a significant number of deaths globally. Infections are still on the rise, and the impact on the global death rate could be devastating. There are fears over the likely impact of a large number of deaths on body sourcing and handling of cadavers for teaching and research. Historically, epidemics come with several challenges and have often led to some level of negligence of ethical practices and health and safety regulations associated with body sourcing and handling. The authors highlighted some emerging problems in this article, focusing on Africa and Nigeria in particular. These problems include a higher risk of coronavirus exposure for body handlers, shortage of cadavers for teaching and learning, a lack of standard regulations leading to unethical body sourcing and handling, and a lack of monitoring and collaboration needed for a well-coordinated Covid-19 pandemic response strategy. If these issues are ignored, the previous gains made in anatomical ethical practices may be destroyed. Some useful recommendations for policymaking geared toward prevention or curtailing these emerging issues have been instilled in this article.     

The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10 years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.5% of the total number of body donors embalmed in this institution. Correspondingly, the number of annual teaching sessions for residents increased from 19 in 2012 to 116 in 2019. These increases in teaching are correlated with increasing number of residents enrolled in competency-based programs over the last 3 years (Pearson r ranging from 0.9705 to 0.9903, and R² ranging from 0.9418 to 0.9808). Those results suggest that the new skill-centered curricula which require residents to perform specific tasks within realistic settings, exhibit a growing demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens. Institutions’ body donation programs must, therefore, adapt to those greater need for cadaveric specimens, which presents many challenges, ranging from the logistical to the ethical.     

Between Policy and Practice: Archival Descriptions,Digital Returns and a Place for Coalescing Narratives

ABSTRACT

The Strathfieldsaye Estate collection at the University of Melbourne Archives is discussed in relation to recognising, protecting and reclaiming Koori (First Peoples of southeast Australia) heritage. The settler collection includes early 1900s photographs of Koori people within two distinct albums – a family album that includes a series of studio portraits of Koori adults and children, and an album depicting Koori families on Ramahyuck Aboriginal Mission Station. In the past, these albums have been defined by, and limited to, traditional archiving practices excluding Koori interpretation, authorship and social context. Restoring Koori ownership and authorship of intangible heritage plays a large part in consolidating ancestor photographs with Koori perspectives of identity and culture.     

A Bioethos for Bodies: Respecting a Priceless Resource

The value that willed body donors provide to medical education is priceless. Their precious gift helps to teach anatomy, spatial relationships between morphological structures, anatomical variation, and professionalism to medical students in a way that plastic models, podcasts, and lectures cannot. They are also an important resource for medical research and a wide variety of postgraduate training opportunities. While many body donation programs throughout the world are nonprofit organizations, there are body donation companies in the United States that sell donors for-profit. These “body brokers” have accumulated large profits from this business. It is incongruous that others would profit from such a priceless, freely donated gift. To prevent this incongruity, it is proposed that the international anatomical community develop a normative culture (a bioethos) for body donation programs. This would involve the conscious and systematic development of ethical principles for the day-to-day policies and practices of institutions that collect and use human bodies. With the development of this bioethos, a cultural shift in how donors are treated would occur and, over time, this would become the normal practice. These principles would become fundamental and foundational for the procurement and use of priceless human tissues.     

哈密市沙漠体育旅游赛事资源开发构想与对策分析

哈密市沙漠旅游发展的晚,尚属于不成熟期,有不少旅游资源亟待开发,沙漠体育旅游赛事资源就是其中重要一项。哈密市的经济实力较强,旅游资源丰富,在沙漠旅游体育赛事的开发上具有鲜明的代表性,对国内其他城市的沙漠旅游体育赛事的开发有借鉴作用。本文运用实地走访法,以哈密市沙漠旅游体育赛事的开发构想为例,展开调查与研究,找出在开发问题中可能遇到的问题和困难,并提出意见和建议为更好地指导哈密市开展沙漠体育旅游赛事提供现实指导。     

论新疆旅游资源开发及旅游业发展问题

新疆旅游资源丰富多彩 ,极具特色。上世纪 90年代以来 ,旅游业虽有较快发展 ,但仍不发达 ,与自身的资源优势极不相称。新疆旅游业要在 2 1世纪获得发展 ,必须彻底转变观念、科学规划、整体优化布局 ,多方面采取措施     

广西民族体育旅游开发与可持续发展

广西民族体育旅游业的发展具有得天独厚的优势条件。通过阐述、分析广西民族体育旅游资源状况及其开发的情况,以广西民族体育旅游开发现状为重点,用旅游系统理论,从资源、环境、产业三个方面,研究了广西民族体育旅游的可持续发展及其存在的问题。     

馆藏文献是人类文明的共同记忆——《中国图书馆员职业道德准则》试行有感

爱护文献资源是《中国图书馆员职业道德准则》规定的每个馆员应遵守的道德准则。图书馆员应树立馆藏文献是人类文明记忆的理念 ,建立科学管理制度 ,做到片纸不丢。规范职业行为 ,必须具有爱护文献资源的理念和品格。参考文献 3。     

河南省体育旅游产业现状及开发对策研究

采用文献资料、归纳、分析等研究方法,对河南省体育旅游资源及体育旅游产业开发现状进行了分析,研究认为:河南省具有丰富的体育旅游资源,河南省体育旅游的开发较早,规模逐步扩大,持续性好,已形成了较有影响的国际知名品牌,同时针对存在问题,提出了相应开发对策。     

Unique Tourist Routes in Chengde

本文根据承德市旅游发展现状 ,概要介绍了具有承德特色的旅游观光线路