Understanding how social worker compassion fatigue and years of experience shape custodial decisions

BackgroundCompassion fatigue (i.e., a worker’s diminished ability to empathize with clients) is common among “helping workers” and can result in psychological detachment from clients as a coping mechanism.ObjectiveIn the present research, we explored the relationship between social workers’ compassion fatigue and years of job experience on hypothetical child custody case judgments.Participants and settingIn two separate studies, individuals with experience working with children in child dependency court (predominantly social workers, Study 1: N = 173, Study 2: N = 119) were recruited on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and read a vignette depicting a mother attempting to regain custody.ResultsSupporting hypotheses, compassion fatigue significantly mediated the relationship between increased years of social worker job experience on recommendations that a neglectful mother receive custody, Indirect Effect = .06, CIs [.026, .127] (Study 1). We also found preliminary support for our hypothesized theoretically derived serial path model, in which (a) social worker compassion fatigue predicts anticipated secondary traumatic stress associated with the child neglect case, B = .54, p = .0001; (b) secondary traumatic stress predicts detachment from the neglected child, B = .27, p = .0003; (c) detachment from the child predicts job efficacy cynicism B = .65, p < .0001; and (d) job efficacy cynicism predicts decisions to allocate custody to the neglectful mother, B = .46, p = .005 (Study 2).ConclusionOur research shows that compassion fatigue among social workers may change the lens through which they perceive cases of child abuse.     

EMDR、适应性信息加工与个案概念化（上）

EMDR是一个整合性的、以咨客为中心的心理治疗方法,它着重于大脑的信息加工系统、烦扰经历的记忆,这些病理学基础不是由器质性的损伤导致的。EMDR强调对临床情境有作用的经历,和那些需要带领咨客达到更健康的心理状态的经历。EMDR作为以经验为主的支持治疗,本文综述其历史、发展和研究,在阐述适应性信息加工模型之后,用一个延续的个案实例来说明了EMDR的个案概念化和8个阶段的治疗。这个方法用于加工那些建立病理学基础的和触发当前功能失调的早期记忆,并为将来恰当的行为提供模板,包括克服技能和（或）发展性的不足所需的知识与行为。整合的EMDR与家庭系统观点的好处是可以提供最综合的治疗效果。     

EMDR治疗的初期——基础、诊断与治疗计划（上）

本文介绍了精神创伤的EMDR（眼动脱敏与再加工）治疗过程中的八个步骤,以及每个步骤中值得注意的问题。     

新时期文学的发生——以《今天》杂志为中心

论文由分析《今天》如何想象"自我"为"悲剧英雄"、如何指认"世界"为"他者"入手,描述《今天》的文学立场与文学主张.在此基础上,把《今天》纳入"新时期"的文学格局之中,梳理《今天》作为"同人刊物"如何应对自身的规范化、秩序化,如何面对"伤痕文学"这一新时期"第一个重要成规",如何应对主流文学规范.以《今天》为中心,从这样的三重规范入手,深入新时期文学话语秩序的内部,尝试着还原"新时期文学"如何建构与发生.     

战争科技描写与反战意识来源——《荡寇志》、原子弹到《蜀山剑侠传》

《蜀山剑侠传》描绘威力巨大的阴雷等,主要来自清代小说《荡寇志》,更受到第二次世界大战原子弹等先进武器触发。还珠楼主紧密结合灾害民俗记忆,将战争科技创新化入小说,并表现出同情万物众生的生命意识和生态眼光;还珠楼主将正邪双方对生态破坏的区别、邪教"阴雷"不负责任的毁灭性艺术化地揭示出来。还珠创作具有尊重生命价值的生态美学与反战意识,达到了民国小说生态思考的巅峰。     

Child and family traumatic stress intervention (CFTSI) reduces parental posttraumatic stress symptoms: A multi-site meta-analysis (MSMA)

BackgroundFollowing traumatization, caregiver support is a crucial factor contributing to children's successful management of posttraumatic reactions and their recovery. Caregivers who have been traumatically impacted themselves, however, may be compromised in this posttraumatic caregiving role. Although there are a number of evidence-based child trauma treatments that are effective in reducing children's trauma symptoms, the impact of child treatment on participating caregiver's posttraumatic symptoms (PTS) has received less attention.ObjectiveExplore PTS reduction caregivers experience through participation in their child's evidence-based trauma-focused mental health treatment.Participants and setting640 Child-Caregiver dyads referred for the Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention (CFTSI) following formal disclosure of abuse in a Child Advocacy Center (CAC).MethodsData were collected from 10 community treatment sites trained in CFTSI. A multi-site meta-analytic approach was used to evaluate pooled and site-specific therapeutic effect sizes for caregivers and children.ResultsCFTSI was associated with significant changes (Hedge's g = 1.17, Child-rated; g = 0.66, caregiver-rated) in children's PTS and with clinically meaningful improvements in PTS for 62% of participating caregivers who had started CFTSI with clinical levels of PTS as measured by the Post Traumatic Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL-C). The overall mean PCL-C change (9.31, SD = 12.9) in paired, pre-post PCL-C scores is close to a clinically meaningful change of 10 or higher. There was a robust moderate pooled effect size (g = 0.70, N = 640, p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe value of a reduction in caregiver PTS as a secondary outcome of children's trauma-focused treatment is discussed.     

让插图唤起历史的温情追忆

不少历史教育课堂只注重知识的传授＂纯的学习学生感到枯燥、乏味,没有兴趣。如在历史课堂上通过插图的引入,老师富有情感的讲解,会有更好的教学效果这样的教学可以营造宽松、融洽的教学气氛,使学生对遥远的历史知识有一种温暖的意境,使得师生、生生、师生与文本的对话变得更加容易、轻松和温暖。插图搭建了师生对话的桥梁,在温暖的课堂气氛中,师生共同完成了对历史的温情追忆。     

The camera in pain: memories of the Cold War in East Asian independent documentaries

Abstract

This article begins with a discussion of the changing topography of cultural production in East Asia over the last 25?years, especially as it concerns the genre of independent documentary film, and then it turns to three independent documentaries filmed in Japan and North Korea, South Korea and Japan, and China, respectively: Yang Yong-hi's Dear Pyongyang (2005 Dear Pyongyang. 2005. Directed by Yang Yong-hi. Busan International Film Festival. [Google Scholar]), Mun Jeong-hyun's Grandmother's Flower (2007 Grandmother's Flower. 2007. Directed by Mun Jeong-hyun. Busan International Film Festival: [Google Scholar]), and Wang Bing's He Fengming: A Chinese Memoir (2006). Erased from the official historical record and excluded from public commemoration, the alternate history of pain traced by these documentaries resubmits the Cold War to examination from deep inside its most private wounds. In the process, the filmmakers encounter not only the memories of the earlier generation that lived through the most violent episodes of the Cold War, but also come to question their own history and identities within the process of the Cold War's decomposition.     

Misconceptions about traumatic brain injury among students preparing to be special education professionals

The researchers performed a survey study to determine the effectiveness of collegiate programmes in dispelling common misconceptions about traumatic brain injury (TBI) while preparing undergraduate and graduate students for special education (SpEd) careers. Respondents included 136 undergraduate and 147 graduate SpEd students in their final semesters before obtaining degrees. Each completed an 18‐item true/false survey about TBI and the associated recovery process. Results were compared with survey responses from 318 lay public respondents who participated in a previous study. Two major findings emerged: (a) no significant differences existed in misconception endorsement between SpEd students completing Bachelor's versus Master's degrees; and (b) graduating students in SpEd teacher preparation programmes endorsed similar misconceptions as lay public respondents; hence, these programmes do not appear effective in dispelling common TBI misconceptions. Improving academic preparation for special educators regarding TBI is imperative for effectively identifying, assessing and serving student survivors.     

如何建构学习者最佳的心理词典——预制语块与记忆的关系

文章探讨了如何建构学习者最佳的心理词典,并进一步探讨了预制语块和心理词典的关系。使用预制语块加速了短时记忆转化为长时间记忆的过程,提高了学习者的语言交际能力和二语习得能力。