健身瑜伽对中老年女性慢性腰痛的防治研究

为研究健身瑜伽对中老年女性慢性腰痛的防治效应,将70名中老年慢性腰痛病人分成A、B两组,C组由正常组35名无腰痛病史的中老年女性组成.对A、C进行9个月健身瑜伽训练.运用Neuromatic 2000 M/C神经肌电仪测试各组训练前后骶棘肌肌电指标,PPX-L型双能X线骨度仪测量各组训练前后骨密度值,分别进行组间比较.结果:慢性腰痛组(A、B)训练前腰背肌波幅低于正常组(P<0.01)时程大于正常组(P<0.01),训练之后腰痛组(A)和正常组(C)波幅都得到提高(P<0.01和P<0.05)时程都降低(P<0.01和P<0.05).疗效评定得出慢性腰痛治愈显效率达82.86%.结论:健身瑜伽对中老年女性慢性腰痛具有较好的防治作用.     

克莱姆法则在井字梁结构计算中的应用

本文以4×4方格简支井字梁计算为例,说明利用克莱姆法则可以推出井字梁各节点力的分配系数计算公式,从而更准确地计算出各节点所承受的作用力.     

Effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting

This study aimed to investigate the effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting. Eight male sprinters performed maximal-effort sprints in two trunk positions: forward lean and upright. A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model was used to compute the musculotendon lengths and velocity of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles during the sprinting gait cycle. The musculotendon lengths of all the three hamstring muscles at foot strike and toe-off were significantly greater during the forward trunk lean sprint than during the upright trunk sprint. In addition, a positive peak musculotendon lengthening velocity was observed in the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscles during the late stance phase, and musculotendon lengths at that instant were significantly greater during the forward trunk lean sprint than during the upright trunk sprint. The present study provides significant evidence that a potential for hamstring muscle strain injury involving forward trunk lean sprinting would exist during the stance phase. The results also indicate that the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscles are stretched during forward trunk lean sprinting while contracting eccentrically in the late stance phase; thus, the elongation load on these muscles could be increased.     

Anticipatory postural adjustments during cutting manoeuvres in football and their consequences for knee injury risk

Abstract

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs), i.e. preparatory positioning of the head, the trunk and the foot, are essential to initiate cutting manoeuvres during football games. The aim of the present study was to determine how APA strategies during cutting manoeuvres are influenced by a reduction of the time available to prepare the movement.

Thirteen football players performed different cutting tasks, with directions of cutting either known prior to the task or indicated by a light signal occurring 850, 600 or 500 ms before ground contact.

With less time available to prepare the cutting manoeuvre, the head was less orientated towards the cutting direction (P = 0.033) and the trunk was even more rotated in the opposite direction (P = 0.002), while the foot placement was not significantly influenced. Moreover, the induced higher lateral trunk flexion correlated with the increased knee abduction moment (r = 0.41; P = 0.009).

Increasing lateral trunk flexion is the main strategy used to successfully perform a cutting manoeuvre when less time is available to prepare the movement. However, higher lateral trunk flexion was associated with an increased knee abduction moment and therefore an increased knee injury risk. Reducing lateral trunk flexion during cutting manoeuvres should be part of training programs seeking the optimisation of APAs.     

预应力混凝土转换梁设计与施工

通过工程实例,介绍运用中国建筑科学研究院编制的结构设计软件PKPM计算预应力混凝土转换梁的方法,绘制了施工图,并讨论了预应力混凝土转换梁施工中应注意的关键问题.     

蒙古族舞蹈教学浅论

蒙古舞的教学中,气质的训练和把握是非常重要的,而要把握好气质的表现力度,肢体训练就是基石。     

MSTP低速率故障原因浅析

MSTP作为一种基于SDH的高效数据业务接入方式,在当前通信运营商中得到了大量的应用。本文介绍了处理MSTP低速率故障的经验,并对其故障原因进行了分析。     

浅谈汝河特大桥预制箱梁的施工工艺

箱梁质量在桥梁施工中尤为重要。影响预制箱梁质量的主要因素有:施工工艺,原材料质量,施工人员的业务水平和素质等。本文结合洛南高速公路No.6标段汝河特大桥预制箱梁的施工情况,对施工工艺进行了分析。     

变截面连续箱梁景观桥上部结构设计

预应力混凝土变截面连续箱梁是城市景观桥梁建设中较多采用的结构形式。某跨径布置为19m+30m+19m的变截面连续箱梁,两幅布置,中间镂空。上部采用无悬臂单箱七室箱梁,下部采用薄壁式桥台、花瓶墩、钻孔灌注桩基础。桥墩和箱梁外立面施作清水混凝土浇筑的装饰板。装饰板内布置钢筋网,和主梁结构伸出的预埋钢筋相连接。结构验算表明,主梁结构的正截面抗弯承载力、斜截面抗剪承载力、抗裂验算和挠度验算均满足规范要求。变截面连续箱梁景观桥设计时,主体结构按照常规变截面连续梁设计,外立面施工装饰板,既能简化设计过程,又能达到良好的景观效果。     

干线光缆传输网与中国信息网络城市节点体系

从2000年末全国干线光缆传输网结构和容量入手,对其建设状况进行了初步的地理分析,着重考察了基于这种信息网络基础设施之上的中国城市体系格局.结果表明:一个建立在信息网络基础之上的城市体系已在中国浮现,北京和南京构成了超级核心节点,信息网络基础设施建设正在促成信息城市的崛起,而地理区位因素仍在其中发挥着重要作用.