Multilingual modeling of cross-lingual spelling variants

Technical term translations are important for cross-lingual information retrieval. In many languages, new technical terms have a common origin rendered with different spelling of the underlying sounds, also known as cross-lingual spelling variants (CLSV). To find the best CLSV in a text database index, we contribute a formulation of the problem in a probabilistic framework, and implement this with an instance of the general edit distance using weighted finite-state transducers. Some training data is required when estimating the costs for the general edit distance. We demonstrate that after some basic training our new multilingual model is robust and requires little or no adaptation for covering additional languages, as the model takes advantage of language independent transliteration patterns. We train the model with medical terms in seven languages and test it with terms from varied domains in six languages. Two test languages are not in the training data. Against a large text database index, we achieve 64–78 % precision at the point of 100% recall. This is a relative improvement of 22% on the simple edit distance.     

纳西东巴文异体字关系特征初步研究

纳西东巴文主要是纳西族东巴用于记录东巴教经典的文字,东巴文是自源型文字,具有较强的民族特色。分析《纳西象形文字谱》,得出异体字共489组,具有字形1172个,约占整个文字体系的一半。文章从三个方面对东巴文异体字关系特征进行归纳,梳理记录同一个词的异体字之间的关系类型。并旨在通过这些探讨对东巴文异体字以及东巴文体系的特点、性质、现状与发展趋势进行初步研究。     

试析美国实用主义对美语的影响

美语作为英语的一种语域变体,在其形成过程中受到美国社会环境和文化的影响。作为美国的国家哲学—美国实用主义,始终贯穿着美语的形成过程。本文重点探析美国实用主义在美语的词汇,拼写及语音层面所产生的深远影响,以便更深刻的理解语言现象背后所折出的文化内涵,从而有益于我们更好的学习和使用该语言。     

也说话语标记“你说”的三个变体——基于电视剧《编辑部的故事》台词的考察

"你说"的用法首先可以分为两种:作为话语标记的用法和非话语标记的用法。"你说"非话语标记的用法和话语标记的用法并无实质性关联。区分"你说"各变体用法的标准是其整体在推动会话进程中所起作用的不同。具体来说,"你说"1主要话语功能是实现话轮转换,"你说"2的主要话语功能是"移情","你说"3则是"你说"1和"你说"2的中间状态。     

Learning regional transliteration variants

This paper conducts an inquiry into regional transliteration variants across Chinese speaking regions. We begin by studying the social association of regional transliterations, followed by postulating a computational model for effective transliteration extraction from the Web. In the computational model, we first propose constraint-based exploration by incorporating transliteration knowledge from transliteration modeling and predictive query suggestions from search engines into query formulation as constraints so as to increase the chance of desired transliteration returns in learning regional transliteration variants. Then, we study a cross-training algorithm, which explores the attainably helpful information of transliteration mappings across related regional corpora for the learning of transliteration models, to improve the overall extraction performance. The experimental results show that the proposed method not only effectively harvests a lexicon of regional transliteration variants but also mitigates the need of manual data labeling for transliteration modeling. We also carry out an investigation into the underlying characteristics of regional transliterations that motivate the cross-training algorithm.     

习语的变体与习语的可分析性

一般认为,习语是固定的词组,但在实际使用过程中,出现许多习语的变异形式。在理解英语习语变体时,可以从Glucksberg习语皆可分析的观点出发,分析习语合法变体和临时变体与习语可分析性的关系。     

关联理论视野中的习语及其变体的理解机制阐释

关联理论为人类的认知本质设定了强有力的语用规范,为辨别区分可接受性和不可接收性语言变体提供了一条准绳,可以比较充分地阐释习语及其变体。在关联理论框架背景下,当听到不熟悉的习语形式时,受话者脑中会构建出一个定语式的、被充分理解的特定概念,并最终将其发展成为自身词汇库中的一个稳定项目。在理解习语变体的过程中,语链中蕴涵的变体概念及其组成要素会被激活,其间的部分信息还被评估并复制到一个新的特定概念中。这一过程必然生成原本习语形式无法达到的额外认知效果。     

论唐代的昭君诗

继魏晋南北朝昭君诗的创作,唐人对这一传统题材进行了全方位开拓。唐代昭君诗一面抒写昭君远嫁的乡国之思,一面又借论其出塞得失兼议国家的对外政策,诗人们在重塑昭君形象的同时也寄托了自己的人生感慨。就诗体而言,唐代昭君诗的价值还在于它代表着中国咏史诗在其发展历程中由“变”至正的过程的完成。     

汉英亲属称谓变体研究

亲属称谓是具有血统与婚姻连锁关系的亲属之间的称谓,用以表示人们的血缘关系、亲疏关系及姻亲关系.从历时语言学视角分析,汉英社会变革和语言发展过程中的词义扩展促使亲属称谓产生多种变体.借助亲属称谓构成的诸多词语可以表示特定身份、可以指称特殊的社会阶层或职业,甚至可以扩展延用到非人的事物.汉英亲属称谓因此失去原有含义而被赋予新义.     

论三体石经《尚书》异文的类型及价值

今本《尚书》与石经本《尚书》之异文可分为五类,这些异文表现为借字与本字、古字与今字的不同;其中亦存在义近通用、异体换用和文字讹变的现象。这对于我们认识早期《尚书》写本的面貌具有重要意义,同时这些异文也是校读今本《尚书》不可多得的材料。