Covid-19: Emerging Considerations for Body Sourcing and Handling. A Perspective View from Nigeria

The current Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic has spread to about 220 countries of the world and has resulted in a significant number of deaths globally. Infections are still on the rise, and the impact on the global death rate could be devastating. There are fears over the likely impact of a large number of deaths on body sourcing and handling of cadavers for teaching and research. Historically, epidemics come with several challenges and have often led to some level of negligence of ethical practices and health and safety regulations associated with body sourcing and handling. The authors highlighted some emerging problems in this article, focusing on Africa and Nigeria in particular. These problems include a higher risk of coronavirus exposure for body handlers, shortage of cadavers for teaching and learning, a lack of standard regulations leading to unethical body sourcing and handling, and a lack of monitoring and collaboration needed for a well-coordinated Covid-19 pandemic response strategy. If these issues are ignored, the previous gains made in anatomical ethical practices may be destroyed. Some useful recommendations for policymaking geared toward prevention or curtailing these emerging issues have been instilled in this article.     

The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10 years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.5% of the total number of body donors embalmed in this institution. Correspondingly, the number of annual teaching sessions for residents increased from 19 in 2012 to 116 in 2019. These increases in teaching are correlated with increasing number of residents enrolled in competency-based programs over the last 3 years (Pearson r ranging from 0.9705 to 0.9903, and R² ranging from 0.9418 to 0.9808). Those results suggest that the new skill-centered curricula which require residents to perform specific tasks within realistic settings, exhibit a growing demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens. Institutions’ body donation programs must, therefore, adapt to those greater need for cadaveric specimens, which presents many challenges, ranging from the logistical to the ethical.     

The Influence of Hygroscopic Materials on the Fluctuation of Relative Humidity in Museums Located in Historical Buildings

ABSTRACT

The preservation of artefacts in museum collections is profoundly affected by fluctuations in temperature and, especially, relative humidity (RH). Since the late nineteenth century, many studies have been carried out on the best way to control hygrothermal conditions. In old buildings located in maritime temperate climate zones (such as Portugal) with strong thermal inertia, and which have low ventilation rate (relative to the volume and number of visitors), daily and seasonal hygroscopic inertia may help to assure the maintenance of RH stabilization conditions. The use of expensive active systems may be minimized through the passive behaviour of internal finishing building materials. This work presents the results of an experimental laboratory study conducted in a flow chamber to demonstrate the enormous potential of hygroscopic materials in stabilizing interior relative humidity. Based in these results and in-situ monitoring in a museum housed in a building, located in Porto, with a typical construction of the 1950s (granite masonry and reinforced concrete slabs), a numerical analysis was done to quantify the influence of hygroscopic materials in stabilizing the interior relative humidity.     

现代教育技术在运动解剖教学中的应用

采用问卷法和教学实验法对现代教育技术在运动解剖教学中的应用效果进行了研究。结果表明：现代教育技术能活跃课堂气氛，激发学生学习兴趣，变枯燥学习为愉快的教育，充分发挥学生的感官效应，使学生能开拓性地理解记忆和联想，让抽象变为直观和现实，教学效果明显优于传统教学。     

结构式教学法在运动解剖学教学中的应用

依据运动解剖学学科特点以及传统教学法中存在的一些蔽病,采用实验对比法对结构式教学法在运动解剖学教学中的优越性和可行性作了论证.结果表明:采用结构式教学法的实验组的识记、理解、分析综合能力、期末考试成绩的平均分和及格率均明显优于采用传统教学法的对照组.该教学法尤其适合体育院校学生的特点,值得在我院运动解剖教学中推广应用.     

虚拟专题在科技学术期刊新媒体平台中的探索与实践

为了提升“智汇杰瑞”新媒体平台的传播影响力,本文采用内容和数据驱动模式,将多源信息与虚拟专题的理念相结合,首先构建科技学术期刊新媒体知识服务平台;其次重点聚焦虚拟专题在新媒体知识服务平台的策划与传播实践;最后对虚拟专题在科技学术期刊新媒体知识服务平台中的实践成效进行总结,并对新媒体融合环境下,虚拟专题如何发挥优势更好地为科技期刊服务进行了探讨。     

我国科技馆“十四五”发展对策研究

本文基于统计数据和实地调研,分析了“十三五”期间科技馆取得的成就和发展经验,指出存在的主要问题:科技馆数量、质量不能满足公众需求,科学精神传播力度不够,优质展品供应不足,标准化工作有待加强。根据新形势、新要求,提出了“十四五”期间科技馆的发展目标以及相关的政策建议:加大投入,不断促进我国科技馆的区域均衡发展;创新模式,提高展品研发质量;价值引领,发挥科技馆“三基地一平台”功能;标准先行,促进科技馆规范化发展。     

近代西方人在华建立自然史博物馆类型及目的取向研究

自然史类博物馆是中国近代以来出现最早的博物馆类型之一,中国最早的在华大英博物馆、徐家汇博物院、上海亚洲文会博物馆以及北疆博物院等都是自然史类的博物馆。深入考察这些博物馆建设之初的讨论,并对比这些博物馆建设者的具体意图和办馆实践,可以看出这些博物馆都以服务西方自然史研究为主要目的,但却有着不同的建设取向。这些自然史博物馆不仅为西方的自然史研究提供中国的标本资料,有的博物馆还成为了西方人在华开展自然史研究的平台,为西方提供自然史的研究成果。     

数字图书馆拓展服务的探讨

随着互联网的发展,数字图书馆的建设呈现多元化的局面,数字图书馆建设及其业务的构建实施迫在眉睫。在收集大量有关国内外先进数字图书馆在拓展服务业务方面的资料及经验的基础上。详细列举了当令数字图书馆的服务拓展业务。     

浅议图书馆的虚拟币运作机制

图书馆面临着如何吸引读者注意力、怎样调动读者积极性、如何掌握信息导航的主动权等系列问题。图书馆应借鉴虚拟币运作机制。推行具有透明性和持续性特点的读者积分制。给每一位读者以必要的关注。这有利于图书馆深化读者奖励机制。有利于科学度量读者对馆藏文献的注意程度,有利于读者参与图书馆文化的共建。