哪些人更有可能成为志愿者?——基于时间分配视角的实证分析

当前,我国社会老龄化趋势日益明显,人口红利快速消失。提高志愿服务的居民参与率,可有效补充市场劳动力短缺,促进经济社会健康、可持续发展。时间是志愿服务的最重要投入资源,但时间如何影响参与率,已有研究并未形成一致结论。研究基于Becker的时间分配理论,并根据志愿服务的性质特点,将居民时间划分为三类:工作时间、生活时间和自由时间。利用CGPiS2016北京市入户调查数据,具体研究不同类型时间对居民参与志愿服务概率的影响。通过构建logit二值选择模型,在控制其他常规变量的前提下,得出如下结论:1.工作时间对参与概率的影响为负,但不显著;2.生活时间的影响为负且显著,若每周增加1小时,参与可能性会减少0.7%;自由时间的影响为正且显著,若每周增加1小时,参与可能性会增加0.7%。同时,"接受过志愿服务"及"家人中有志愿者"两个因素,均对居民的参与概率产生稳定的积极影响,表明志愿服务有着显著的正外部性。上述结论意味着:我国要提高志愿服务的居民参与率,就应该减轻居民的工作和生活压力,发挥工作单位的组织动员作用,扩大志愿服务惠及居民的范围。     

我国申办冬奥会志愿服务的前瞻性思考

通过对我国申办冬奥会、冬奥会志愿服务和冬季体育志愿服务之间的关系进行深入分析,阐述了申办冬奥会志愿服务具有的社会价值、文化价值、教育价值和经济价值,对在申办冬奥会过程中完善冬季体育志愿服务体系,做出培育冬季体育志愿者的社会资本,形成冬季体育志愿服务的持久化、常态化,建设专业化、制度化的冬季体育志愿服务队伍等一系列前瞻性思考,以期推动冬季体育运动在我国有一个新的更大的发展,成功申办和举办冬奥会.     

Trainee teachers in unpaid teaching posts: volunteering,risk and vulnerability

This paper explores the experiences and perceptions of a little-known category of in-service trainee teachers in the Further Education (FE) and Skills sector in England: those who meet the practical teaching requirements of their course mainly through unpaid teaching as ‘volunteers’. The paper reports findings from mixed-methods research which used surveys, interviews and focus groups involving trainee teachers within a large FE–HE partnership. Themes relating to motivations to volunteer, the development of teacher identity within marginal roles, and the risks associated with unpaid teaching are discussed. For increasing numbers of trainees, unpaid teaching provides an opportunity for career entry. However, the quality of teaching experience gained is mixed, with some trainees receiving high levels of support, whilst others experience marginalisation and limitations on their developing teacher identities. The paper highlights the specific challenges to professionalism posed by unpaid teaching within the FE and Skills sector, and relates these challenges to a broader context of insecurity and risk. As work experience becomes an increasingly valuable commodity, this paper illustrates the pressures individuals face as they exchange payment and security for the opportunities volunteering provides.     

短期支教现存问题与发展路径探析

近年来,随着国家一系列扶持和优惠政策的出台,社会大众对于在新时代下如何实现自身价值,以一己之力帮助他人有了更加深刻的体察和思考,越来越多的大学生选择在假期参加短期支教项目。相较于其他志愿服务活动,短期支教具有灵活性强,自我获得感高,能够深入了解支教的各个环节等优势。但它在发挥其积极作用的同时,不可避免地存在着诸如支教者教学水平低,各方沟通不到位,长效反馈机制缺位等弊端。     

‘That extra sparkle’: students’ experiences of volunteering and the impact on satisfaction and employability in higher education

Research suggests that students entering Higher Education are doing so with greater expectations around their graduate employability. Students’ volunteering activities have been of interest to academics, but the impact of these activities on learning, employability and student satisfaction has been neglected. The current study investigated whether students who volunteered felt it benefited them, whether they felt they were more employable and whether they perceived their course as satisfying in combination with their volunteering. This small-scale qualitative study used a sample of psychology undergraduate students in focus groups (n = 11), and also a number of psychology graduate interviews (n = 6) from one UK university. Thematic analysis produced several key themes including students’ motivations to begin volunteering, which were mainly career-oriented; their motivations to continue, which included rewarding feelings and personal development; the impact of volunteering on their psychology degree, which included situated learning; and their perceptions of their volunteering and its impact on their employability. The findings indicated many reasons for both starting and continuing with volunteering activities with a clear narrative among this sample that volunteering enhanced their employment and postgraduate prospects. Findings are discussed in line with the current context of Higher Education and the implications for both students and Higher Education Institutions.     

志愿服务参与能培育大学生非认知能力吗——基于追踪调研和双重差分技术的因果分析

已有众多研究基于人格特质理论和经验学习理论,揭示了志愿服务参与和大学生非认知能力存在双向因果关系。本文基于湖南省高校大学生发展追踪调查数据,采用双重差分法检验志愿服务参与和非认知能力的因果关系,以揭示志愿服务参与究竟是筛选还是培育了大学生的非认知能力。研究结果证实了志愿服务参与对外向性和尽责性有筛选作用,对宜人性有培育作用,对情绪稳定性和开放性既没有筛选作用,也没有培育作用。这些结果表明高校志愿服务主要通过人格特质机制筛选了学生的非认知能力,对非认知能力的培育作用有限,促使我们重新审视高校志愿服务如何发挥实践育人的功能。     

大学生志愿服务的社会价值及思考

目前,大学生志愿服务活动作为一种实践育人的形式,不仅对高校进行思想政治教育具有重要的意义和价值,而且充分满足了学生成长成才、个体实现的需要。但大学生志愿服务活动在发展过程中,也暴露出其在组织管理、培训培养和评价机制等方面存在的不可回避的问题。     

开放教育学习模式探讨

本文认为网络学习障碍主要由教师、学生以及网络教学课程方面的原因引起。要解决网络学习障碍，关键是要正确认识教师和学生在网络教学中与在传统教学中的角色变化与定位，发挥教师在网络教学中的监管作用，培养学生自主学习的能力，这样才能保证网络教学的质量，完成教学任务。     

大学生志愿服务在“美丽校园”建设中的作用

大学生志愿组织是一个特殊的群体,存在着活动经费短缺、服务时间受限、管理体制不顺等诸多问题。为充分发挥大学生志愿组织的应有功能,须从经费、政策、服务模式和管理体制等方面“对症下药”,逐步解决志愿服务遇到的问题和困难。     

Factors that contribute to community members’ support of local nature centers

Nature centers can serve as valuable community institutions if they are seen as providing important services to the community. Through survey research in communities surrounding 16 nature centers in the United States, we examine the attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs that drive hypothetical support for nature centers from local residents. Respondents who recognized centers as institutions that provide opportunities for leisure and connection with nature; contribute to civic engagement; and bolster local economies, community pride, and aesthetics reported the greatest likelihood of donating, volunteering, or responding to threats at local centers. Additional predictors of support included positive evaluations of staff members, perceptions of positive attitudes toward the center held by other community members, familiarity with center activities, pro-environmental attitudes, and past donation or volunteering. The findings highlight the potential returns for centers that expand their activities and operations beyond more traditional roles of providing nature-based outdoor recreation and environmental education experiences.