七种毒

按照国际奥委会的分类,兴奋剂主要有以下七类:刺激剂、合成类固醇、麻醉止痛药、利尿剂,血液兴奋剂、肽和糖蛋白激素和β-阻断剂。 一、刺激剂这类药物能够增加运动员的机敏性,暂     

心脏病人的运动康复——一种有益但未被充分利用的疗法

运动康复是使心脏病人身心感觉更好的、非外科手术疗法的一种．其益处有增加肌肉力量、降低心率、增加每博量、提高极量和亚极量运动能力等。但心脏病人在隶复过程中，经常未进行足够强度的运动来获得最大的益处。故应在监控下，给病人提供正确的生活制度和足够强度的运动。所有的病人应保持终身运动，     

Synthetic and biological studies on a cyclopolypeptide of plant origin

Objective: A natural cyclic peptide previously isolated from Citrus medica was synthesized by coupling oftetrapep-tide units Boc-Leu-Pro-Trp-Leu-Ome and Boc-Ile-Ala-Ala-Gly-Ome after proper deprotection at carboxyl and amino terminals followed by cyclization of linear octapeptide segment.Methods: Solution phase technique was adopted for the synthesis of cyclooctapeptide--sarcodactylamide.Required tetrapeptide units were prepared by coupling of Boc-protected dipeptides viz.Boc-Leu-Pro-OH and Boc-Ile-Ala-OH with respective dipeptide methyl esters Trp-Leu-Ome and Ala-Gly-Ome.Cyclization of linear octapeptide unit was done by p-nitrophenyl ester method.The structure of synthesized cyclopolypeptide was elucidated by FTIR,1H NMR,13C NMR,FABMS spectral data and elemental analysis.The newly synthesized peptide was evaluated for dif-ferent pharmacological activities including antimicrobial,anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities.Results: Synthesis of sarcodac-tylamide was accomplished with >78% yield utilizing dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as coupling agent.Newly synthesized peptide possessed potent cytotoxic activity against Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) and Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell lines,in addition to moderate anthelmintic activity against earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis,Pontoscotex corethruses and Eudrilus sp.Moreover,cyclopolypeptide displayed good antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa,in comparison to standard drugs griseofulvin and ciprofloxacin.Conclusion: Solution phase technique employing DCC and triethylamine (TEA) as base proved to be effective for the synthesis of natural cyclooctapeptide.N-methyl morpholine (NMM) was found to be a better base for the cyclization of linear octapeptide unit in comparison to TEA and pyridine.     

分子进化工程简介

达尔文进化论的观点认为 ,今天存在的物种是自然界长期选择的结果。分子进化是达尔文进化论思想在分子水平上的延伸 ,ＤＮＡ分子变异和选择成为生物表现型性状进化的基础。研究分子进化可以了解自然界生物物种进化的分子机理 ,推动生命科学的理论研究。近年来以分子进化理论为基础 ,在应用研究方面开拓了一个新的领域 ,即分子进化工程。借助于人工合成或生物表达的手段 ,制造大量的变异体 ,根据需要 ,给予适当的选择条件 ,从大量的变异体中筛选出目标分子 ,从而在几天甚至几小时之内实现自然界可能需要成千上万年才能产生的选择。分子进化工…     

使水源中致癌物质降解到微乎其微 高性能降解废水装置让您喝放心水

“虽然我很忌讳用国际先进水平这样的评语，但我还是认为TiO2(二氧化肽)晶须光催化处理难降解有毒有机物废水成套技术及装备研究项目的技术，已经达到国际先进水平。”这是中科院院士陈洪渊在3月8日出席由江苏省环保厅主持的该项目技术鉴定会上说的。     

A rapid and accurate 3-（4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay for quantification of bacteriocins with nisin as an example

The objective of this study is to propose a more accurate and faster MTT 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay (MCA) for quantitative measurement of polypeptide bacteriocins in solutions with nisin as an example. After an initial incubation of nisin and indicator bacterium Micrococcus luteus NCIB 8166 in tubes, MTT was added for another incubation period. After that, nisin was quantified by estimating the number of viable bacteria based on measuring the amount of purple formazan produced by cleavage of yellow tetrazolium salt MTT. Then MCA was compared to a standard agar diffusion assay (ADA). The results suggested a high correlation coefficient (r2=0.975±0.004) between optical density (OD) and the inhibitory effect of nisin on a bacterial strain Micrococcus luteus NCIB 8166 at a range of 0.125～32 IU/ml. The MCA described in this study was very quick. Quantification of nisin took only 7～8 h and the detection limit was at the level of 0.125 IU/ml when compared to 12 IU/ml and 24～28 h for ADA. The MCA provides an accurate and rapid method for quantifi-cation of nisin in solutions and is expected to be used for quantification of other antimicrobial substances.     

食源性降血压肽研究进展

高血压病发病率在世界范围内上升,对其的防治已引起医学界的重视。食源性降血压肽有较好的降血压效果且不会出现降压过度现象,无毒、副作用,已受到人们的关注。文章综述了近年来对降血压肽的降压机制、主要来源、生产方法、生物活性评价等几个方面的研究进展,希望为食源性降血压肽的进一步研究提供一定的参考。     

补充海洋生物活性肽对大鼠高强度离心运动后骨骼肌结蛋白表达的影响

目的:通过观察补充海洋肽对骨骼肌细胞骨架蛋白desmin表达的影响,研究补充海洋肽影响运动性骨骼肌损伤修复的机制.方法:72只雄性SD大鼠随机分为安静对照组、运动对照组、运动+大豆蛋白对照组和运动+海洋肽实验组,进行6周每周5天的-5°下坡间歇跑训练,速度从20.0 m/min增加到35.0 m/min,每次10～20 min.6周后,大鼠在1次高强度离心运动后即刻、24 h和48 h处死,取股中肌进行免疫印迹法检测desmin表达量的变化,并取血测血清CK总活性.结果:补充海洋肽和大豆蛋白均可增加desmin蛋白表达量,而且海洋肽增加运动后desmin蛋白表达的量明显优于大豆蛋白.补充海洋肽和大豆蛋白均明显减低CK蛋白从骨骼肌细胞中逸漏出,降低血清CK水平.而且,海洋肽对运动后血清CK的恢复明显早于大豆蛋白.结论:补充海洋肽可维护大鼠高强度离心运动后骨骼肌微结构的完整,促进运动后骨骼肌微结构损伤的修复.     

补充扇贝肽对运动大鼠停训后萎缩骨骼肌细胞Caspase-3活性的影响

目的:通过测试萎缩骨骼肌细胞Caspase-3、SOD活性和MDA含量,观察补充扇贝肽对运动大鼠停训导致骨骼肌萎缩后肌细胞Caspase-3活性及其抗氧化能力的影响,研究扇贝肽对停训后骨骼肌萎缩的干预作用。方法:40只SD雄性大鼠以15 m/min的速度,持续性水平跑台训练30 min开始进行递增负荷运动,运动6 d/周,休息1 d/周,速度递增3 m/min/周,时间递增30 min/周,运动3周后即刻处死10只大鼠为基础对照组,其余大鼠随机分组为补充安慰剂阴性对照组、补充牛乳阳性对照组和补充扇贝肽实验组,30只大鼠左侧后肢实施石膏固定模拟停训模型,并进行扇贝肽补充实验。实验组和对照组所有动物每天分别进行灌胃15%扇贝肽饮料2mL、等量的安慰剂和牛乳。结果:发现补充扇贝肽可显著减低停训后萎缩骨骼肌细胞MDA含量增加,增加SOD活性,提高细胞内抗氧化能力,可显著抑制停训后萎缩骨骼肌细胞Caspase-3的活性,从而抑制骨骼肌收缩蛋白和结构蛋白的降解,促进萎缩骨骼肌的恢复。     

降钙素基因相关肽介导运动心脏重塑的机制

采用文献资料法,对降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)及其与运动心脏重塑的研究进行回顾和总结。结果表明:心脏中存在CGRP阳性神经纤维及CGRP受体,这些神经纤维主要来自脊髓背根神经节细胞。通过对运动心脏重塑的机制、运动与CGRP的关系、CGRP的生理作用、CGRP的信号传导途径、细胞培养、分子生物学等方面的研究总结,认为CGRP是维持机体血流动力学稳定的重要代偿因子,是运动心脏重塑的重要介质。