Shear capacity of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with CFRP sheet

INTRODUCTION There is increased need in recent years for strengthening or rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete structures adversely affected by overloading, construction material deterioration, seismic loads, structural deformation, etc. An effective method for increasing the shear capacity of reinforced concrete columns is the use of externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) systems (ACI, 2002). FRP systems were first applied to reinforced concrete col-umns i…     

纳米碳—PVC膜修饰电极测定镉

介绍了用纳米碳-PVC膜修饰电极测定痕量镉的新方法。优化了各种试验条件,如支持电解质的选择、pH值的影响、修饰剂的用量、富集电位及时间、扫描速率等。     

Modeling water and carbon fluxes above summer maize field in North China Plain with back-propagation neural networks

INTRODUCTION Dynamics of carbon and water vapor fluxesexchange between the atmosphere and the ecosystembiosphere, depend on complex and non-liner interplayamong physiological, ecological, biochemical andedaphic factors and meteorological conditions (Jarvis,1995; Leuning et al., 1995). There are many studiesquantifying the fluxes across different time and spacescales as well as assessing the environment con-straints on them by some kinds of biophysical orempirical models whose resul…     

Hypocholesterolemic and hepatoprotective effects of flaxseed chutney: Evidence from animal studies

Rats fed with hypercholesterolemic diet showed a significant increase in serum total—cholesterol, liver homogenate total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and changed LDL-cholesterol, and HDL/LDL ratio in comparison to control. Flaxseedchutney (FC) supplemented diet (15%, w/w) was found to be more effective in restoring lipid profile changes in rats fed with cholesterol, (1.0%). The activities of serum marker enzymes glutamate oxaloacetate transminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were elevated significantly in carbon tetrachloride induced rats. Administration of flaxseedchutney (15%, w/w) resulted in depletion of serum marker enzymes and exhibited recoupment thus showing significant hepatoprotective effect. It was observed that flaxseedchutney supplemented diet could lower the serum cholesterol and as a potential source of antioxidants it could exert protection against hepatotoxic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in rats.     

固态继电器在全新风机组中的应用

本文介绍了应用固态继电器及可编程逻辑控制器实现的控制全新风空调机组送风温度的方法。使用这种方法设计的空调机控制系统在有效控制机组的送风温度的同时大大节约了生产成本。     

The carbon footprint of active sport participants

Researchers examining carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions (carbon footprint) in sport have focused on sport events and, to a lesser extent, sport teams, but provided only average or aggregate values. The author takes the perspective of active sport participants and considers the heterogeneity of individual sport participation behavior. Using online surveys, adult active sport participants (n = 6537) in 20 different sports with main residence in Germany were asked to report their sport-travel behavior in 2015, including traveling in the context of regular (weekly) activity, sport competitions/tournaments, league games, day trips, and training camps/vacations. Annual carbon footprints were estimated using information about travel distances and transportation means. The results revealed an average annual carbon footprint of 844 kg of carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions, with individual sports producing more emissions than team/racket sports. Participants in nature sports had the highest emission levels. Regression analyses revealed that environmental consciousness significantly reduced carbon footprint in individual sports, but not in team/racket and nature sports, supporting the existence of an environmental value-action gap. Activity years, club membership, weekly exercise hours, performance level, and income were mainly positively associated with annual carbon footprint, while gender was insignificant. The findings have implications for policy makers and managers in sport associations and clubs.     

全面建设小康社会的能源合理利用与CO2减排

与世界发达国家的比较,可以发现中国能源消费结构以煤为主,CO2排放总量大但人均量小,单位能耗的CO2排放指标偏高.21世纪头20年是中国全面建设小康社会的关键时期,在人口将继续增长、能耗规模继续增大、以煤为主的能源结构难以根本改变的情况下,如何实现CO2减排,是对中国的严峻挑战.借鉴发达国家的经验教训,该文提出优化产业结构,不断提高新技术产业和第三产业的比例;改善能源结构,提高水电、核能、太阳能及生物能等清洁能源比例;引进和开发能源环保技术,提高能源利用效率;以法律、政策和经济手段,促进能源合理利用和削减CO2的排放量的设想和对策.     

基于随机前沿模型的山西省碳排放效率评价

中国当前经济发展既受到国内资源供给和环境容量的制约,又受到全球应对气候变化的严峻挑战,碳排放空间的不足将成为经济社会发展的刚性约束。论文界定了碳排放效率的内涵,基于随机前沿模型,对山西省1995年-2010年的碳排放效率进行了测算,并且与中部其他省份碳排放效率进行了比较分析。该方法引入随机扰动项克服了宏观统计数据不可避免存在噪声的问题,从而使得碳排放效率评价更为贴切。主要结论是：山西省1995年-2010年的碳排放效率在中部六省中效率最低,且碳排放效率呈逐年降低的趋势。在对效率作出评价基础上,论文进一步基于模拟退火算法创建了万元GDP二氧化碳排放量的预测模型,对山西省＂十二五＂规划提出的＂2015年山西省万元地区生产总值二氧化碳排放量比2010年下降17%＂的碳减排目标进行了可达性分析,结论为不可达。论文最后提出了相应的政策建议,即在保障国家能源安全的同时,实施＂以煤为基、循环高端、多元发展＂的路径,实现经济的低碳转型。     

江苏省1996年至2007年碳排放效应及时空格局分析

本文通过对江苏省1996年-2007年碳排放效应分析得出:①江苏省近12年碳排放总量年均增长14%,2007年达到14370万t,碳排放增长过快问题突出;②提出了地均碳排放强度和地均建设用地碳排放强度两个新指标,并计算得出2007年全省地均碳排放强度和地均建设用地碳排放强度分别达到2.06t/hm2和84.32t/hm2:③2007年江苏全省碳排放量、地均碳排放强度和地均建设用地碳排放都呈现苏南>苏中>苏北的分布格局,13市地均碳排放强度差异显著,其排放强度总体与经济发展水平呈正相关;建设用地碳排放对总碳排放贡献最大是各地市共同之处;(④江苏省碳排放强度与人均GDP呈倒U型曲线关系,曲线的拐点在(2.0～2.1)万元/人附近;⑤能源消耗是碳排放的主体,建设用地是最主要的碳源,1996年-2007年全省虽然其碳排放总量呈上升趋势,但全省万元CDP碳排放强度从2004年开始逐年下降的,说明江苏全省碳减排已取得一定成效,但减排压力仍然巨大,减排工作任重道远.     

基于产业关联的碳减排绿色科技发展路径研究——以广东省为例

为厘清产业碳排放的总量和特征以及因产业关联产生的具体碳转移机制,以明晰碳减排的科技创新路径,从产业关联的视角,以广东省11个产业部门为例,基于2017年广东省投入产出表和各行业能源消耗量数据,运用改进的假设抽取法测算其碳排放总量,分析碳转移特征和能源消耗的产业关联性。结果表明：（1）炼焦化工金属产品制造业的直接能源消耗总量最大,交通运输、仓储和邮政业的单位能源消耗最多;（2）炼焦化工金属产品制造业与交通运输、仓储和邮政业的转移输出碳排放量最大,采掘业的间接碳排放量最多;（3）机械设备制造业和建筑业是吸收碳转移最多的两个部门,且主要输入部门为机械设备制造业和炼焦化工金属产品制造业,因此这两个主要输入部门为推行碳减排的重点产业部门。最后根据研究发现,从给出重点产业碳减排绿色科技发展路径、能源绿色低碳转型科技创新路径和促进产业结构优化、增强政策法规导向支持等方面提出相关对策。