Examining the influence of grip type on wrist and club head kinematics during the golf swing: Benefits of a local co-ordinate system

Wrist movements have been identified as an important factor in producing a successful golf swing, with their complex motion influencing both club head velocity and orientation. However, a detailed analysis of wrist angles is lacking in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine kinematics across wrists and club head characteristics during the golf swing under weak, neutral and strong grip conditions. Twelve professional male golfers executed 24 shots using a driver under three grip conditions. A six degrees of freedom analysis of the hand with respect to the distal forearm was performed using a 10-camera three-dimensional motion capture system. Differences in joint angles were explored using repeated measures ANOVAs at key swing events (onset, top of backswing and impact), in addition club head velocity and clubface angle at impact were also explored. Main findings revealed significant differences in flexion/extension and internal/external rotation for both wrists at all swing events, whereas fewer significant interactions were found in ulnar/radial deviation across grips for both wrists at all events. Clubface angle only differed significantly between the weak and the strong and neural grips, presenting a more ‘open’ clubface to the intended hitting direction. This study is the first to explore tri-planar wrist movement and the effect of different grips, such analysis has implications for coaching knowledge and practice and should inform future research into different aspects of skill, technique analysis and may inform injury mechanisms/prevention.     

微内核用户级驱动设计与实现

随着IT技术的不断发展,出现了越来越多的新设备,操作系统为了保持对这些新设备以及已有老设备的支持,其内核就要加入越来越多的驱动代码,驱动代码的加入使得原本已经复杂的内核更加庞大,且这些代码可能潜伏着许多漏洞,威胁系统安全。而微内核系统将设备驱动独立于用户空间,不再处于内核中,使得设备驱动不会影响到内核的安全,这种设计对于减少系统安全威胁帮助很大。     

组态软件实时数据库系统研究及设计

利用Windows的DLL(动态连接库)和全局共享内存技术来建立系统实时数据库的设计思想,采取传统数据库系统、文件系统和内存数据库系统兼用,利用多种存储介质来构造系统的实时数据库系统,并通过给用户提供一套接口标准——实时数据库系统接口,来实现I/O驱动程序与用户程序和实时数据库系统间的高速数据传递。     

嵌入式Linux下AD7490驱动的实现

用AD7490对s3c2440进行了扩展,提高其数模转换精度。介绍了嵌入式Linux操作系统下AD7490驱动程序的开发原理及流程,并编写测试程序测试其功能,对于基于Linux的嵌入式系统中小型外设的开发具有借鉴意义。     

组态软件实时数据库系统研究及设计

利用Windows的DLL(动态连接库)和全局共享内存技术来建立系统实时数据库的设计思想,采取传统数据库系统、文件系统和内存数据库系统兼用,利用多种存储介质来构造系统的实时数据库系统,并通过给用户提供一套接口标准——实时数据库系统接口,来实现I/O驱动程序与用户程序和实时数据库系统间的高速数据传递。     

嵌入式Linux下的USB骨架驱动程序研究

简要分析了嵌入式Linux下的硬件驱动程序结构,研究了Linux下的USB骨架驱动程序,具备很强的实用性。     

时钟芯片PCF8563接口及驱动设计

介绍了时钟芯片PCF8563的片内结构，阐述了I2C总线规范，并给出了该芯片的典型接口电路以及相应的I2C总线驱动程序。     

基于WDM的电火花线切割无阻脉冲电源中断驱动程序设计

本文介绍基于Windows 2000 WDM（Windows Driver Model，Windows驱动模型）开发线切割无阻脉冲电源的中断驱动程序。首先对WDM驱动程序模型及基本结构作简要介绍，然后具体介绍该驱动程序的编写过程。     

Linux系统下设备驱动程序解析

本文以一个具体的设备驱动程序实例,阐述了Linux 系统下设备驱动的层次关系、基本开发步骤及具体实现过程.     

东北亚地区经济合作与渤海经济圈的发展

东北亚地区的经济合作反映了该地区的经济发展,顺应了国际经济发展的集团化、区域化的大趋势,同时反映了合作各方谋求该地区的和平与发展和本国的经济利益的强烈愿望。这是东北亚经济合作的基本的内在动力. 在东北亚地区的经济合作中,环渤海经济圈的发展前景极为广阔。尽管这一地区各方的社会制度经济体制和经济发展水乎不同,但经济发展的互补性及各自的优势和劣势,通过合作,忆必将获得互补效应并共同受益.这是合作的客观基础。环渤海地区应充分利用有利的经济发展环境,加速其本地区的经济发展同时在参与东北亚经济合作中,发挥“推动器”的作用.