Gender differences in performance in mathematics at the end of lower secondary school in Italy

The paper deals with the investigation of gender differences in performances in mathematics for Italian students at the end of lower secondary school. The study is based on a new large-scale assessment test developed and administered by the National Evaluation Institute for the School System. Given the evidence in the literature which favors males, performances of female and male students are compared using different approaches. Scores proposed by educational experts based on item subgroups were considered, while a model-based approach was used within item response theory. The results revealed a significant advantage to males in overall performance, while no meaningful differences were observed with respect to item domain and type. An interpretable item map was developed crossing expert opinions with IRT abilities, and plausible proficiency levels were defined. According to the map-based student classification, a relatively lower percentage of females fell into the highest proficiency groups with respect to males.     

模糊零化子

在格蕴涵代数中提出了模糊零化子的概念,讨论了模糊零化子的一些特殊性质,证明了格H蕴涵代数的模糊零化子是格H蕴涵代数的模糊理想。     

Screening of phonological awareness in the early elementary grades: an IRT approach

The purpose of the present study was to explore the possibilities for the assessment of growth in phonological awareness of children in kindergarten and first grade. Phonological awareness was measured using four sets of items involving rhyming, phoneme identification, phoneme blending, and phoneme segmentation. The results of an exploratory factor analysis and analyses conducted within the framework of item response theory showed one latent ability to underlie the different sets of items, which nevertheless differed in difficulty. Analyses in terms of the children’s ability further showed the phonological awareness measures to be sensitive to growth. The amount of information supplied by the different sets of items depended on the children’s level of ability. The conclusion that it is possible to accurately monitor the development of children’s phonological awareness in the early elementary grades appears to be justified, and this possibility opens up new perspectives for the early screening for reading problems and dyslexia.     

中外田径短跨类项目项群演进特征的对比研究

结合田径运动自身的项群特点以及当今世界田径运动的发展趋势,以1999--2008年世界和中国历年年终排名前十位运动员的短跨类项目运动成绩为研究对象,运用文献法,数理统计法和比较分析法,通过对世界和中国田径运动10年内的这动成绩进行研究和对比,找出中国和世界田径运动发展存在的差异,总结规律,为中国田径运动的快速发展提供理论参考。     

经典测量理论与项目反应理论的比较研究

文章通过对经典测量理论和项目反应理论的模型及其假设、主要概念和参数、测量水平等方面进行比较,廓清了两种理论的联系和区别,明确了两种理论的优势和不足,从而为研究者根据测验实践的要求和各个理论的适用条件选择恰当的分析框架提供思路。     

Development and Validation of a Multimedia-based Assessment of Scientific Inquiry Abilities

The potential of computer-based assessments for capturing complex learning outcomes has been discussed; however, relatively little is understood about how to leverage such potential for summative and accountability purposes. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a multimedia-based assessment of scientific inquiry abilities (MASIA) to cover a more comprehensive construct of inquiry abilities and target secondary school students in different grades while this potential is leveraged. We implemented five steps derived from the construct modeling approach to design MASIA. During the implementation, multiple sources of evidence were collected in the steps of pilot testing and Rasch modeling to support the validity of MASIA. Particularly, through the participation of 1,066 8th and 11th graders, MASIA showed satisfactory psychometric properties to discriminate students with different levels of inquiry abilities in 101 items in 29 tasks when Rasch models were applied. Additionally, the Wright map indicated that MASIA offered accurate information about students’ inquiry abilities because of the comparability of the distributions of student abilities and item difficulties. The analysis results also suggested that MASIA offered precise measures of inquiry abilities when the components (questioning, experimenting, analyzing, and explaining) were regarded as a coherent construct. Finally, the increased mean difficulty thresholds of item responses along with three performance levels across all sub-abilities supported the alignment between our scoring rubrics and our inquiry framework. Together with other sources of validity in the pilot testing, the results offered evidence to support the validity of MASIA.     

对我国帆船、帆板运动项目发展的整体思考

本文认为,要尽快提高我国帆船、帆板的竞技水平,必须合理进行项目布局,改革训练与竞赛体制,建立科技先导型运动队。     

Improving aspect extraction by augmenting a frequency-based method with web-based similarity measures

Online review mining has been used to help manufacturers and service providers improve their products and services, and to provide valuable support for consumer decision making. Product aspect extraction is fundamental to online review mining. This research is aimed to improve the performance of aspect extraction from online consumer reviews. To this end, we augment a frequency-based extraction method with PMI-IR, which utilizes web search in measuring the semantic similarity between aspect candidates and target entities. In addition, we extend RCut, an algorithm originally developed for text classification, to learn the threshold for selecting candidate aspects. Experiment results with Chinese online reviews show that our proposed method not only outperforms the state of the art frequency-based method for aspect extraction but also generalizes across different product domains and various data sizes.     

论本科教学中题库建设的意义及质量评价体系

本文结合作者在题库建设中的实际工作,对本科教学中的考试题库建设的意义、作用,以及题库建设中需要重视的难点做出了综述,并对题库的深入应用、题库的质量评价指标做出了探讨。     

基于OSGI的人力资源绩效考评系统设计与实现

对于人力资源管理来说,科学、合理地评价员工的工作绩效具有非常重要的意义。分析了人力资源绩效考评系统主要功能模块和处理流程,构建了一个人力资源绩效考评模型。介绍了OSGI框架的基本原理,提出了基于OS—GI框架的绩效考评系统架构,并讨论了系统关键技术实现。