应用型大学形成与发展的生成整体论特征与实践路径

现有关于应用型本科大学建设的研究一般都是基于构成论,采用系统论的方法,将应用型本科大学看成系统,并分解为基本单元进行研究.这些研究固然取得了许多可喜成果,但是也存在一定的局限性.本文运用生成整体论研究应用型本科大学建设,分析了应用型本科大学的特征,最后,本文从培养理念、学科专业体系、师资队伍、科学研究和评价体系等方面提出了当前我国建设应用型大学的实践路径.     

Reframing the Cultural Differences between the East and the West

This study proposes that the fundamental cultural differences between the East and the West lie in a holistic-analytic worldview, and this new perspective can explain the cultural differences better than collectivism-individualism. To test the claim, this study developed a measurement for holism and its derivative, cognitive relativity. Then, it examined the degree of holism, cognitive relativity, and independent and interdependent self-construals with Korean and American college students. Results showed that (a) Koreans had a stronger holistic worldview than Americans, (b) Koreans maintained a higher degree of cognitive relativity than Americans, (c) Koreans and Americans did not differ in either independent or interdependent self-construals, and (d) the impact of holism was still strong after controlling for the effects of self-construals.     

100 Ideas for supporting pupils with ADHD/Behavioural,emotional and social difficulties: a guide for the early years

It can be argued that our contemporary view of the world is not at all based on ‘objective’ observation of ‘what is out there’, but rather the result of the application of existing mental frameworks and ways of seeing to the world around us, including the world of human beings. Goethe's way of seeing recognizes the special relationship that exists between parts and wholes, so that, rather than being built up of parts, wholes are indeed non-unified wholes which are fully reflected in the parts. Each part is, as it were, one particular manifestation of the whole. My purpose in this paper is to begin to explore Goethe's way of seeing as a tool for new insights into education and to do so by looking at the area of inclusion. Inclusion is a good place to start exploring because it is so obviously based on a notion of parts and wholes. For example, it is based on particular notions of what classes and schools as wholes should look like in terms of their parts: student population, achievement, assessment, curriculum, etc. Thus, examining inclusion from a Goethean perspective may provide new opportunities for thinking about and dealing with exclusion.     

Curriculum studies in initial teacher education: the importance of holism and project 2061

Initial teacher education programmes, in order to comply with the requirements for teacher registration, are usually expected to introduce student teachers to the mandated curriculum. Often this is done uncritically, so students tend to accept rather than examine the underlying epistemological model which partitions knowledge into distinct ‘pillars of wisdom’. But there is little agreement over how knowledge is to be partitioned, which raises the question of if it can be partitioned at all. A different philosophical model—holism—is proposed based on the metaphor of a spider's web, and the Queensland ‘New Basics’ project is given as an example which fits this alternative approach. A second problem is in the overcrowding of the curriculum and here Project 2061 offers a set of robust criteria for making rational decisions about curriculum content.     

整体论的局限与总体论的突破：政府管理思维的范式革新

整体论一直指导着人类社会的管理目标和基本途径，但整体论也有其适用的范围和条件，不恰当地将之扩大势必会导致事与愿违的后果。通过分析整体论的演进，本指出，在整体论基础上产生的总体论，能够更加科学、全面地指导政府管理和社会治理的实践。     

农民工研究视角的转向：从整体到分化

伴随着中国社会结构的分化和城市化进程,农民工群体内部也逐渐分化,致使对农民工群体的整体式研究凸显出其局限性。农民工的分化事实引起了学者对农民工分化研究的关注,诸多研究涉及到职业分化、代际差异、社会权益、城市适应、区域差别等多个层面。研究梳理表明,从整体研究到分化研究是农民工研究的一个视角转向。本文认为,农民工内部分化应该成为进行农民工问题研究时的一个前提预设。但目前的分化研究也有存在一些不足之处,如个案研究结论的普适性问题、农民工内部分化的标准模糊化问题及缺少对农民工从主体角度进行的主观心理研究等等。     

Holism: A Missing Link in Individualism-Collectivism Research

Studies on Individualism-Collectivism (IND-COL) have documented results contradicting Hofstede's theory. We attribute these theory-data inconsistencies to construct underspecification. Both IND and COL are confounded with similar yet disparate sub-constructs. In the main, this study illustrates that the West and the East do manifest opposite cultural values as Hofstede had initially conceptualized, and this can be empirically observable when utilizing more refined constructs and measurement instruments. This study (a) proposes holism, not collectivism, as a cultural fundamental of East Asia, (b) separates personalism from individualism, and (c) breaks collectivism down into Western group collectivism and Eastern relational collectivism.

A cross-cultural study with 152 Korean and 171 American students was conducted. Results indicate that individualism and holism constitute elements of the most basic cultural layer while collectivism belongs to a peripheral one. Koreans were much more holistic than Americans, who were significantly more individualistic than Koreans. Group collectivism was more pronounced in the U.S. while relational collectivism tended to prevail in Korea. In both cultures, collectivism was influenced by their respective cultural fundamentals: Individualism better predicted collectivism in the U.S. while holism did so in Korea.     

A Brief Study of Wordsworth’s Romantic Poetry in Light of Ecocriticism

Ecocriticism is a new-born literary criticism that delves into the exposition of the relationship between human beings and other specimen in nature from the literary angle as well as observes and discloses in detail and with sincerity the effect of literature in the human activities and natural environment. The thesis combines the theory of ecocriticism with romanticism to study Wordsworth’s romantic poetry from an ecological perspective as Wordsworth,the great“worshipper of nature”can also be called an ecological critic since many of his poems are focused on ecological themes and he expresses his passion on an ecological basis. Going through the thesis is the most fundamental concept of ecocriticism: ecological holism. Supporting this backbone is analyzes of selected paradigmatic romantic poems by Wordsworth.     

口述档案的整体性及其保护路向论析

针对口述档案研究和实践中存在的问题,运用整体论指出口述档案及其与其他档案、传承主体、所在环境的整体性,提出口述档案的保护应处理好与其他档案保护的关系,注重保护要素的齐全性和参与主体及地区的协同性,并做好制度设计,以维护口述档案的真实性、完整性和可靠性,保障口述档案的传承。     

运动选材研究需要整体论思路探析

从研究思想、预测思想及研究方法三个维度分析了传统运动选材的研究范式,阐明了它在三个维度上具有相同的还原论本质。同时指出,该范式在以人为研究对象时存在着重大缺陷。最后提出:欲克服传统研究范式还原论思路之缺陷,须纳引整体论思路,并提出基于整体论思路的选材思想、基本原则及相关理论。