英汉词汇预设触发语的对比研究

预设触发语是句子中与预设义有语义联系的词语,通过触发语的词义,我们可以作常识性推理或者回溯推理,推导出句子的预设义。英、汉语中均有词汇作为预设触发语项,本文对英、汉语中词汇预设触发语的不同类型进行详尽描写,对比研究其异同,找出其语义特征,并能够依据这套特殊规则推理出它所引发的预设义。     

基于语料库和语篇衔接的英语词汇学习模式研究

结合实例探讨一种语料库和语篇衔接相结合的词汇学习模式,利用语料库中的真实语料,学习词汇的不同搭配关系,类联结和语义韵等语言特征,并在语篇中通过词汇衔接加深对词汇的认识,用词汇链记忆联想词,领会词汇不同语境和语体中的用法。二者的结合必将促进使学习者掌握更多的词汇,并学会其应用。     

Little Frog and Toad: Interaction of orthography and phonology in Polish spelling

The interaction of lexical and non-lexicalprocesses in spelling was investigated throughlexical priming of non-lexical spelling, inPolish, a language in whose relativelytransparent orthography lexical informationmight be expected to play a less influentialrole than in English. Orthographic choice fornonwords was assessed under free and primedspelling conditions for both adults andchildren using direct and associative priming.The findings indicated that lexical orthographyinfluences resolution of nonlexical phonologyin spelling and identified two sources ofinfluence: one in unprimed spelling, wherelong-standing orthographic knowledge affectednonword orthographic choice so that it was notdetermined solely by phonology, the other inprimed spelling, where orthographic solutionsto nonwords were influenced by the covertorthography of the prime. The most powerfulevidence for lexical influence comes from thefinding that lexical orthography not onlyinforms resolution of phonology in cases ofambiguity, but overrides phonology whenresolution is unambiguous.     

Ontology refinement for improved information retrieval

Ontologies are frequently used in information retrieval being their main applications the expansion of queries, semantic indexing of documents and the organization of search results. Ontologies provide lexical items, allow conceptual normalization and provide different types of relations. However, the optimization of an ontology to perform information retrieval tasks is still unclear. In this paper, we use an ontology query model to analyze the usefulness of ontologies in effectively performing document searches. Moreover, we propose an algorithm to refine ontologies for information retrieval tasks with preliminary positive results.     

Early phonological and lexical markers of reading disabilities

Phonological and lexical characteristics of 30-month-old children’s spontaneous language samples were examined as indicators of later reading outcome. Participants were 27 children, 10 children with reading disability and 17 children without reading disability. Of the non-disabled readers, 7 were at high familial risk for reading disability, and 10 came from families with no history of reading difficulties. Children later identified as reading disabled at second grade and beyond demonstrated narrower lexical diversity and simpler phonological forms as compared to the normal reading participants. Implications of reduced phonological complexity in the productive lexicons of reading disabled children are discussed.     

Speaker adapted dynamic lexicons containing phonetic deviations of words

Speaker variability is an important source of speech variations which makes continuous speech recognition a difficult task. Adapting automatic speech recognition （ASR） models to the speaker variations is a well-known strategy to cope with the challenge, Almost all such techniques focus on developing adaptation solutions within the acoustic models of the ASR systems. Although variations of the acoustic features constitute an important portion of the inter-speaker variations, they do not cover variations at the phonetic level. Phonetic variations are known to form an important part of variations which are influenced by both micro-segmental and suprasegmental factors. Inter-speaker phonetic variations are influenced by the structure and anatomy of a speaker＇s articulatory system and also his/her speaking style which is driven by many speaker background characteristics such as accent, gender, age, socioeconomic and educational class. The effect of inter-speaker variations in the feature space may cause explicit phone recognition errors. These errors can be compensated later by having appropriate pronunciation variants for the lexicon entries which consider likely phone misclassifications besides pronunciation. In this paper, we introduce speaker adaptive dynamic pronunciation models, which generate different lexicons for various speaker clusters and different ranges of speech rate. The models are hybrids of speaker adapted contextual rules and dynamic generalized decision trees, which take into account word phonological structures, rate of speech, unigram probabilities and stress to generate pronunciation variants of words. Employing the set of speaker adapted dynamic lexicons in a Farsi （Persian） continuous speech recognition task results in word error rate reductions of as much as 10.1% in a speaker-dependent scenario and 7.4% in a speaker-independent scenario.     

英汉口笔误特点的对比研究--试探英汉心理词汇储存结构及影响因素

本文从语言心理学的角度，分析一些口误和笔误的数据对比英汉口笔误的特点．并以此来探究英汉心理词典中储存状况；同时从认知实验的研究成果进一步阐释英语和汉语的储存结构的异同。     

心理词库介绍及其对英语词汇教学的启示

心理词库的研究一直是个热门话题,不同的学者对其有不同的观点。该文首先介绍了心理词库的概念、特点、组织、存储、提取和研究方法;其次介绍了心理词库对英语词汇教学的一些相关启示。     

浅谈标记理论及其应用

标记理论是语义学研究领域中的一个重要范畴,是布拉格学派对语言学的重要贡献之一.标记理论在语言分析各层面上都发挥着作用,它在日常生活中也有实际应用价值.     

北京话中的文化因素分析

语言是文化的重要载体。语音、词汇、语法及语用四个方面体现了"京味儿"文化对北京话的影响:简约而极具开放性,又颇负"闲懒、悠然"特色的语音系统体现了北京文化的包容与开放;专有名词、熟语等词汇记载了"京味儿"文化的变迁;北京土话与现代北京话的语法差异体现了"京味儿"文化背景下特有的民族思维。