Light-induced cracking and abrasion of inkjet prints: Damage and mitigation

This study is part of a larger research project at the Image Permanence Institute dedicated to digital print preservation issues – the Digital Print Preservation Portal (DP3). Previous DP3 studies determined that certain digital print types are prone to cracking and/or abrasion, and that factors such as low relative humidity, pollutants, and light increase the brittleness of the ink-receiving layer of some inkjet papers. The purpose of this investigation was to explore if light also increases the propensity of inkjet prints to abrade, and to examine the potential of framing glazings to mitigate light-induced physical damage (cracking and abrasion) by attenuating some portion of the UV spectrum. Inkjet papers and prints were subjected to xenon lighting (to simulate daylight through window glass) without glazing, or in sealed framing packages with plain framing glass (soda-lime) or UV filtering glass. Before and after light exposure, brittleness, and abrasion resistance were evaluated independently using two tests: ISO 18907 (Imaging materials – Photographic films and papers – Wedge test for brittleness) and a rub test utilizing a Sutherland® Rub Tester. In this study, exposure to light increased the cracking and/or abrasion tendency of some specimens. The use of UV filtering glass reduced this light-induced propensity in all cases. Plain glass protected all samples from at least one of these two types of surface damage, but was less effective than UV glass. Light-induced brittleness and sensitivity to abrasion were mostly, though not exclusively, caused by UV radiation. It was also seen that some prints may become brittle and/or prone to abrasion in the absence of image fade. Budgeting the amount of light these objects can be exposed to, protecting them from UV radiation, and handling prints with caution especially after exhibition, is essential in order to limit physical damage.     

用ISP器件设计交通信号灯控制器

本介绍一种用ISP器件设计交通信号灯控制器的方法，其构思巧妙，功能强大。本设计在GW48—CK型EDA开发系统上已获通过。     

论光与眼睛及色彩的关系

“花开红树乱莺啼．草上平湖白鹭飞。”试想．如果没有太阳，你会感知到花开鸟飞的美景吗？也不会有什么蓝天、白云、青山、绿水、红色的苹果、黄色的柑橘、金首饰、银餐具、宽阔的马路、高大的楼房、美丽的脸蛋、华丽的时装等等。如果是在一片漆黑的夜晚里，再好看的一切，也都会失去它的魅力。     

轻钢骨砼结构应用技术及抗剪性能的研究

轻钢骨混凝土结构是一种新型的结构体系,它自重轻,安装方便,保温性能好,因而有广阔的发展余地和使用空间。本文分别对轻钢骨模网混凝土的工作性能、轻钢骨剪力墙的抗剪性能做了深入的理论研究。用3片缩尺轻钢骨剪力墙模型进行了试验研究,并推导了轻钢骨剪力墙的抗剪承载力公式。由于模型试验构件少,数据有所不足,本文又采用ADINA有限元分析软件进行分析,提出有关轻钢骨砼剪力墙轴压比设计的建议。     

单缝夫琅和费衍射光强分布的推导

根据惠更斯-菲涅耳原理，利用级数求和的方法，推导单缝夫琅和费衍射的光强分布。该方法简单、直观，充分体现了惠更斯-菲涅耳原理的物理思想，有助于更好地认识和理解单缝夫琅和费衍射的实质。     

光——现代"物理学之后"的黑暗

本文通过对量子力学和相对论中相关光的问题的分析,认为正是量子力学和相对论中对光理解的错误导致了今天的物理学和哲学的相关错误。     

Spread or Sacrifice: Dilemma for Lighting Policies

ABSTRACT

Light sensitive objects will fade on display. Collection managers and curators face the dilemma whether to spread fading over several similar objects or sacrifice one. This paper describes an experiment in which participants were asked how they would want to pass on a collection of seventeenth century hand-coloured maps to coming generations. Results show that while colour changes are hardly visible, both public and professionals do not perceive them as damage and prefer to spread fading. Once fading becomes clearly visible in all maps, the preference shifts to sacrificing one map. The tipping point lies around five just noticeable changes. This information can be used when selecting objects for exhibition. The outcome also implies it would be prudent to assess the degree of fading of much exhibited objects and consider whether and when to choose for a sacrifice strategy.     

湖南岳阳杨树人工林光能利用率动态特征分析

植物光能利用率（Light Use Efficiency,LUE）作为表征植被利用光能合成生物化学能效率的重要指标,直接影响到生态系统生产力。本文使用2006年4月-10月湖南岳阳站通量观测资料,探讨杨树人工林不同时间尺度的光能利用率动态特征。结果表明：①杨树人工林生态系统典型晴天LUE_（30min）存在明显的＂V＂形日变化,其值介于（13.18~45.28）mmol/mol,最低值都出现在中午前后;②5日累计光能利用率（LUE_5）季节动态呈双峰型变化,峰值分别出现在5月初（42.57mmol/mol）和7月中旬（57.50mmol/mol）;③月尺度光能利用率（LUEmon）分别为24.79、27.85、20.95、42.27、32.60、24.91和10.47mmol/mol,最大值出现在7月份,且LUE_（mon）最大值较LUE5和LUE_（30min）低,最小值较LUE5和LUE_（30min）高。这些结果将为提高生态系统资源的利用提供重要的定量化依据。     

基于Matlab的七色光仿真白光干涉与衍射实验

依据七色光可合成为白光的原理,基于Matlab仿真白光干涉与衍射实验。首先利用Matlab语言编写白光光栅衍射仿真程序,然后通过改变可调参数实现利用一个程序同时仿真白光光栅衍射、单缝衍射及双光束干涉实验。结果表明,白光光栅衍射实验仿真图像为七彩色,白光单缝衍射及双光束干涉实验仿真图像色彩连续而逼真。     

Understanding the topic evolution of scientific literatures like an evolving city: Using Google Word2Vec model and spatial autocorrelation analysis

Topic evolution has been described by many approaches from a macro level to a detail level, by extracting topic dynamics from text in literature and other media types. However, why the evolution happens is less studied. In this paper, we focus on whether and how the keyword semantics can invoke or affect the topic evolution. We assume that the semantic relatedness among the keywords can affect topic popularity during literature surveying and citing process, thus invoking evolution. However, the assumption is needed to be confirmed in an approach that fully considers the semantic interactions among topics. Traditional topic evolution analyses in scientometric domains cannot provide such support because of using limited semantic meanings. To address this problem, we apply the Google Word2Vec, a deep learning language model, to enhance the keywords with more complete semantic information. We further develop the semantic space as an urban geographic space. We analyze the topic evolution geographically using the measures of spatial autocorrelation, as if keywords are the changing lands in an evolving city. The keyword citations (keyword citation counts one when the paper containing this keyword obtains a citation) are used as an indicator of keyword popularity. Using the bibliographical datasets of the geographical natural hazard field, experimental results demonstrate that in some local areas, the popularity of keywords is affecting that of the surrounding keywords. However, there are no significant impacts on the evolution of all keywords. The spatial autocorrelation analysis identifies the interaction patterns (including High-High leading, High-Low suppressing) among the keywords in local areas. This approach can be regarded as an analyzing framework borrowed from geospatial modeling. Moreover, the prediction results in local areas are demonstrated to be more accurate if considering the spatial autocorrelations.