Historical pigments characterisation by quantitative X-ray fluorescence

Most of the historical paints are mainly constituted by inorganic pigments, either pure or mixed, spread on the surfaces using different binding agents. The knowledge of the exact amount of different constituents of the paint, as well as of the mixing and pictorial techniques, is crucial for a careful program of conservation of polychrome works. Moreover, since the availability of these pigments has been changing through the centuries, their identification and chemical characterisation is useful to acquire or deepen information about the artist and his/her work. This information can also be useful for authentication purposes through relative dating because the identification of one pigment respect to another one can be used as a terminus post quem or ante quem the artwork was realized. In this work, X-ray fluorescence data from historical pigments, both pure and mixed, will be presented, in order to obtain quantitative information on the samples and to extract calibration curves to the aim of evaluating the pigment concentration in unknown mixtures.     

三元液体混合物热导率的测量及数据关联

在恒温条件下,使用由程序控制的量热器测量液体混合物的热导率．这种方法不仅可测低热导率的有机溶液,而且可测高热导率的水溶液．实验中测定了５个三元体系,同时提出了一个计算液体混合物热导率的方法