中国低次烟叶资源综合利用研究

中国低次烟叶资源的综合利用不仅关系到烟农的经济效益,同时也关系到资源短缺和环境污染问题的解决.当前中国低次烟叶资源非常丰富,种植面积133×104hm2左右,年产量大约为240×104t,均居世界首位;但正面临着综合利用水平低、途径少、资源浪费非常严重等一系列问题.本文综述了中国低次烟叶资源分布特点、变化趋势及综合利用现状,探讨了低次烟叶资源综合利用的途径:部分低次烟叶重新用于卷烟生产;低次烟叶中蛋白质用于生产普通蛋白食品、功能性食品、香精香料、医药学辅助材料和植物保护剂等;茄尼醇用于合成辅酶Q10、VK、抗癌增效剂SDB等;烟碱用于开发高效、低毒、低残留的无公害农药;氨基酸、有机酸和糖等成分可作为重要的化工原料或用于生产香精香料等;论述了低次烟叶资源综合利用的重大意义,旨在为我国低次烟叶资源的综合利用实践提供理论依据和方法借鉴.     

烟草中尼古丁含量的Rp-HPLC分析

研究了用高效液相色谱法测定烟草中尼古丁的含量，该方法具有精密度高、稳定性好、重现性好、灵敏度高等特点，且操作简便易行．本法的变异系数RSD为0．52％，回收率为98．3％-101．5％．     

尿液中尼古丁含量的测定

研究了分光光度法测定尼古丁的方法,测定下限为0.81μg/ml,线性回归方程Abs=0.05976+0.00108x(mL),相关系数r=0.9996;尿液中的加标回收率在80.4％～138％,RSD在0.12％～3.88％(n=4)。     

Oral Nicotine Induces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation but Does Not Subvert Tumor Suppressor and DNA Repair Responses in Mice

Nicotine, responsible for the addictive properties of tobacco, is widely used in nicotine replacement therapy for tobacco use cessation. We investigated the time-dependent effect of treatment with nicotine on the tumor suppressor, DNA repair and immune responses. Swiss Albino mice (laca strain) of both sexes received nicotine dissolved at a dose of 100 µg/ml in 2% sucrose for 24 weeks, by oral gavage, while age- and gender-matched controls received only 2% sucrose for the same period. Nicotine-treated and control mice were sacrificed 6, 16 and 24 weeks post-treatment, and their tissues evaluated for alterations in histology, oxidative stress, TNF-α levels, nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release, tumor suppressor response and DNA repair response. Statistical significance of results was determined using Students’ t test. The tissues of nicotine treated mice exhibited a large number of multinucleated and binucleated cells, enlarged nuclei and non-uniform distribution of cells, significant increase in expression of TNF-α gene and serum TNF-α, and time-dependent significant increase in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, NO and MPO release when compared to age-and gender-matched controls. The mRNA expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53, its primary regulator Mdm2, and the DNA repair genes Brca2 and Ape1 were significantly elevated, but the corresponding protein levels remained largely unaltered. In conclusion, treatment with nicotine caused oxidative stress and inflammation which can cause widespread cellular damage from the very onset of treatment, without subverting the tumor suppressor and DNA repair responses.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s12291-020-00903-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Effect of Resveratrol and Nicotine on PON1 Gene Expression: In Vitro Study

Dietary and lifestyle factors have been shown to have a profound effect on paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity. Cigarette smoke has been shown to inhibit its mass and activity where as resveratrol has been shown to enhance it. We exposed hepatoma derived cell line (HepG2) to resveratrol and nicotine in varying doses and measured PON1 enzymatic activity and PON1 gene expression. In addition, total protein content of HepG2 cells was also measured. Resveratrol in a dose of 15 μmol/l or above significantly increased the PON1 enzyme activity (p > 0.001) where as nicotine in a dose of 1 μmol/l or higher significantly reduced it (p < 0.05). The resveratrol in this dose also enhanced the PON1 gene expression whereas nicotine decreased it as compared to controls. However, the protein conent of cells was not changed suggesting that they were not cytotoxic in the doses used. Till date the antioxidant vitamins have shown disappointing results against LDL oxidation and cardiovascular protection. However, the effect of resveratrol on PON1 gene expression and activity was significant, suggesting increase in PON1 activity and enhanced gene expression may be its alternative mechanism for offering protection against cardiovascular disease and may be an potential pharmacological agent which can be used for this.     

荧光黄荧光法测定香烟中尼古丁的含量

在pH=7.3的水溶液中,尼古丁与荧光黄(FL)由于静电吸引而发生缔合反应,使荧光黄在λex/λem=450/510nm的荧光增强,据此建立了荧光黄荧光光度测定尼古丁的新方法.尼古丁含量在0.2～8.0 mg·L-1时,荧光强度与尼古丁的含量成线性关系,方法检测限为0.12 mg·L-1,可用于各种不同品牌香烟中尼古丁含量的测定,平行6次测定回收率为91.1%～108.8%,相对标准偏差为1.8%～4.8%,结果满意.     

烟草化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析及尼古丁含量的测定

采用同时蒸馏萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取烟草中挥发性成分并用气相色谱-质谱（GC/MS）法分别确认其化学成分,其中主要成分为尼古丁.用气相色谱法测定烟草中尼古丁的含量.尼古丁含量在0.446 4～0.892 8 mg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,回归方程为：A=61 670 M-2 894.8,相关系数为0.998 6,回收率为99.83%.     

不同型号吸烟机测定卷烟主流烟气的差异性分析

为明确不同吸烟机对卷烟主流烟气检测的差异,选取了4个牌号的试验卷烟,分别用直线吸烟机、转盘吸烟机对其卷烟主流烟气指标进行了分析评价。结果表明:直线吸烟机、转盘吸烟机在测定卷烟烟气焦油量、烟气烟碱量、烟气一氧化碳量虽存在一定差异,但并不显著。