Motilin levels and electrogastroenterogram studies in hypothyroidism

To study the relationship between gastrointestinal dysfunction and motilin in patients with hypothyroidism. The plasma motilin concentration was measured by radiommunoassay (RIA) in 30 patients with hypothyroidism and also in 30 controls. At the same time, the electrogastroenterogram was also taken. Among the hypothyroidism patients, 56.6% had decreased gastric motility, especially in gastric body and greater gastric curvature; 86.6% had decreased colonic motility, especially in the left half of the colon. There were no significant differences of plasma motilin concentration between patients with hypothyroidism and controls (P>0.05). There were also no differences between pre-treatment and post-treatment individuals, but significant differences were observed in the electrogastroenterogram. We conclude that the plasma motilin concertration in hypothyroidism patients was the same as that in normal patients, and that electrogastroenterogram studies in patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction may be valuable.     

Are hsCRP Levels and LDL/HDL Ratio Better and Early Markers to Unmask Onset of Dyslipidemia and Inflammation in Asymptomatic Subclinical Hypothyroidism?

The implications of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) are many amongst which the most important is progression to overt hypothyroidism. Other debatable aspects are its association with cardiovascular risk, neuromuscular and psychiatric dysfunction, increased predisposition to developing metabolic syndrome and an underlying pro-inflammatory state. We aimed to study the lipid profile, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and hsCRP levels and insulin resistance in a group of patients with SCH in a referral hospital and see if any significant differences exist between them and euthyroids. This is a case–control study where the selection of controls and cases was based on the thyroid profile. Subjects were selected on their visit to clinical biochemistry lab for thyroid function tests. 33 euthyroids were taken as controls (Group I) and 38 patients comprising of subclinical hypothyroids were grouped as cases (Group II). Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was in the range of 0.5–5.0 mIU/L for euthyroids and for subclinical hypothyroids the concentration of TSH was more than 5 mIU/L. The concentration of tri-iodothyronine (T₃) and thyroxine (T₄) were in normal reference range in both the groups. Individual lipid profile parameters failed to show a significant p value between cases and controls. The LDL/HDL ratio was highly significant (p value < 0.0001) and hsCRP was also statistically between the two groups (p value = 0.0054). Lp(a) and insulin resistance did not differ significantly. SCH is a common disorder that frequently progresses to overt hypothyroidism. This study underlines the importance of LDL/HDL ratio rather than measurement of individual lipid profile parameters in bringing to light the dyslipidemic state associated with SCH. Moreover the use of hsCRP to detect an underlying pro-inflammatory state in SCH can also be emphasized.     

现代远程教育半开放考试模式的质量控制研究与实践

从1999年至今我国网络教育已经走过六年的历程了。社会仍对网络教育提出质疑，尤其是网络教育的质量问题。无论网络教育工作者怎样从教学和网络技术等方面提高“教”的质量。但也无法代替网络教育学生以“学”为主的这一根本事实。本文从近几年的现代开放远程教育考试管理实践中，创造性提出适合现代开放远程教育成人特点的半开放考试模式，在日益完善的教学服务体系中达到“以考促学”的目的，确保现代远程教育质量。     

隐喻态度意义的显隐性体现

隐喻可以表达态度,或抒发情感或判断品性或鉴赏事物。评价理论认为隐喻式的体现属于态度意义体现方式中的激引。隐喻实例分析表明可以依据隐喻中是否含有评价性词汇将激引式体现继续分为显性激引和隐性激引两种。同时,根据评价词汇在隐喻中的位置,可以将显性激引分为本体式、喻体式、喻底式和框架式显性激引;根据隐喻中喻体辞态度意义的明晰程度将隐性激引分为暗态式和中性式。     

Anti-Roma attitudes as expressions of dominant social norms in Eastern Europe

Although one of the most severe forms of bias all over Europe, anti-Roma prejudice has been neglected within social psychology. We argue that anti-Roma attitudes need to be recognized as a unique form of prejudice because (a) they reflect socially approved dominant societal norms, (b) intergroup contact increases rather than decreases prejudice, and (c) not just negative stereotyping, but also cultural distancing of Roma people is a form of social exclusion. We developed an integrative Attitudes Toward Roma Scale (ATRS) based on existing measures and theoretical assumptions about prejudice toward Roma people. We conducted a study (N = 1082) relying on student and community samples in Hungary and Slovakia. Exploratory factor analysis revealed and confirmatory factor analysis supported the structural equivalence of a three-factor solution of the16-item scale, consisting of Blatant Stereotyping, Undeserved Benefits, and Cultural Difference.Our findings confirmed that intergroup contact with Roma people is associated with more negative attitudes, and prejudice is mostly expressed in blatantly negative ways, made possible by social contexts that approve of these beliefs. The analysis also revealed that essentialist, romanticized ideas of cultural differences between Roma and non-Roma populations contribute to the psychological distancing of Roma people from the national ingroup.     

现代汉语类义语素与语义范畴的显性表达

现代汉语词汇系统中存在着大量类义语素。它们既能体现为一整类语义范畴的上位概念,又能作为构词成分出现在表示该语义范畴下位概念的词语中。按照"下位概念=种差 上位概念"的逻辑定义方式可以把汉族人认知客观世界所形成的语义范畴显性地标志出来。并且,现代汉语语义范畴的显性表达方式在意义表达的经济性、符号认知的便捷性等方面都占据着显著优势。     

谈高职院校校务公开工作

校务公开是高校实施民主管理,教职工参政议政,维护合法权益的重要管理制度。高职院校处在改革、建设、发展的关键时期,而校务公开工作处于起步阶段,校务公开工作要从建立机制、确定内容与形式、突出重点,强化考核等方面着手,讲求实效、不断完善、全面推进。     

Protective Role of Bilirubin Against Increase in hsCRP in Different Stages of Hypothyroidism

In conjunction with thyroxine, bilirubin may play an important role for regulation of hsCRP level and a consequent pro-inflammatory condition in hypothyroidism. In present study we evaluated the dependence of hsCRP changes on total bilirubin (BT) and fT4 level in thirty overt (OH) and thirty subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). Serum BT, hsCRP, thyroxine and TSH were measured in both groups and compared with forty control subjects. Serum values of TSH, hsCRP showed raised (P < 0.001 for both) values with lower levels for fT4 and BT (P < 0.001 and 0.03 respectively) in hypothyroid patients compared to the controls. ANOVA showed significant increments in TSH and hsCRP values with decreases in fT4 among the control, SH and OH groups respectively (P < 0.001). BT values showed decrease in OH group only in comparison to controls (P = 0.04). Regression analysis revealed that hsCRP was negatively dependent on fT4 (β = −0.35, P = 0.002) and serum bilirubin (β = −0.40 and P < 0.001 respectively). Univariate general linear model analysis showed this dependence persisted even when carried out distinctly in SH and OH groups separately (P < 0.001). TSH did not show any significant predictive value on the hsCRP level in either of these two tests. From these analyses we suggest that serum hsCRP is closely integrated to a lowered synthesis of bilirubin and fT4 in hypothyroid patients. Furthermore, this causal relationship is not only limited to overt but also extends to the SH.     

Treatment and follow-up of children with transient congenital hypothyroidism

Objective: To study the clinical therapy and prognosis in children with transient congenital hypothyroidism (CH).Methods: Fifty-seven children with CH diagnosed after neonatal screening were treated with low-dosage levothyroxine (L-T4).Follow-up evaluation included the determination of TT3, TT4 and TSH serum levels and the assessment of thyroid gland morphology, bone age, growth development and development quotients (DQ). A full check-up was performed at age 2, when the affected children first discontinued the L-T4 treatment for 1 month, and one year later. Development quotients were compared (16.25±3.87) μg/d. Mean duration of therapy was (28.09±9.56) months. No significant difference was found between study group and control group in the DQ test (average score (106.58± 14.40) vs (102.4±8.6), P＞0.05) and 96.49% of the CH children achieved a test score above 85. Bone age, 99mTc scans and ultrasonographic findings were all normal, and evaluation of physical development was normal too, as were the serum levels of TT3, TT4 and TSH after one year of follow-up. Conclusion: A L-T4 dosage of and physical development at age 2. So it is possible for CH children to stop taking medicine if their laboratory findings and physical development are all normal after regular treatment and 2～3 years of follow-up.     

论民事诉讼中的“心证公开”——基于《证据规定》第64条和第79条的分析

随着各国自由心证制度的确立,心证公开也日益为各国民事诉讼法理论与实务界关注。心证公开作为现代自由心证制度的主要内容之一,符合司法公正的要求,因而有着较强的应用价值。《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》（以下简称《证据规定》）的制定也为我们研究我国的心证公开制度提供了一个视角。