Judges’ delivery of ground rules to child witnesses in Australian courts

Ground rules directions are given to children in forensic interviews to explain what is expected of them, and to reduce their tendency to acquiesce to erroneous or incomprehensible questions. Ground rules may also be necessary when children provide testimony in court. Drawing on research conducted for the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, the present study examined the use of ground rules directions delivered in court in 52 trials by 24 presiding judges in three jurisdictions to 57 child complainants (aged 7–17.5 years). Eleven categories of rules were identified. The number of words spoken to deliver each rule was counted, and grade-level readability scores were calculated as a proxy for the complexity of the ground rules. When judges asked comprehension or practice questions, the question types were coded. More than one third of the children (35%) received no ground rules directions from the judge; the remaining 65% received directions on an average of 3.5 types of ground rules out of a maximum of 11 types. While comprehension questions were common, practice questions were rare. Comprehension questions were most often presented in a yes/no format that implied the expected response, although this form of question is unlikely to provide an effective assessment of a child's comprehension. Neither the number of rules delivered nor the number of words used was related to children's age. Implications for children's court testimony are discussed.     

神宁集团梅花井煤矿1102206综采自动化工作面开采技术应斥

介绍了梅花井煤矿1102206综采自动化工作面总体设计方案,对其各子系统进行了阐述。分析自动化工作面的采煤工艺,重点介绍了综采自动化工作面自动控制系统的总体设计,分析了自动控制系统的控制原理。建立了地面监控系统,实现对整个综采工作面集中监控。地面监控系统     

基于物理模型实现的CVBS宽带隔离变压器的设计过程

这篇文章是作者设计的一种CVBS（复合视频基带信号）宽带隔离变压器的技术总结,设计得到了相关视频工业标准的认证。针对复合视频信号传输系统存在的接地环路工频干扰的问题,文中讨论了地回路隔离设备基于模型的开发技术,涉及到物理器件的模型构建、仿真迭代和产品实现的可操作过程及其工具使用;由于设计行为已经深度嵌入到众多工程师的职业生涯中,从任何程度和职业视角对设计过程的回顾,都将有益于对设计技能的探索和改进,因此这个技术总结还触及到设计技能的具体经验乃至设计过程模式的某些思考。文章包含了这样一些章节：问题背景与目标;快速原型;模型迭代;设计验证。     

探地雷达在实际应用中的几个问题

文中对探地雷达在实际应用中的五个方面问题进行了试验和探讨,给出了试验的结果。试验结果表明这五个方面要从不同角度引起注意,这对使用探地雷达具有一定的参考价值。     

地质雷达在某公路隧道地质超前预报中的应用

本文介绍了地质雷达的基本工作原理,并以某高速公路隧道建设为例,简述地质雷达在隧道地质超前预报过程中的应用,说明地质雷达在隧道短期地质超前预报中的实用性、有效性和安全性,能提供更准确的地质信息和科学依据,更好地指导施工。     

抚顺矿区部分地块地质灾害特点与建设条件分析

抚顺市是国内外知名的煤都,采煤历史已有百余年,矿区部分地块存在的地质灾害给抚顺地区的城市建设、生态与环境带来了一系列的问题。本文依据地质结构控制论的理念,对其进行建设条件分析,最终作出矿区部分地块稳定条件与工程建设条件评价。     

遥感技术在大同矿区地质灾害调查中的应用

煤矿是我国国民经济的支柱产业之一。而采矿引起的一系列地质灾害不仅威胁矿区安全,而且影响和制约着经济的发展,从而引发一系列社会问题和矛盾。大同地区最主要的矿山地质灾害是以煤矿开采引发的地面塌陷。而遥感作为信息获取的快速、有效的工具,具有宏观性好、更新周期快、人为因素干扰小等优点,可以直接为地质灾害监测的决策者提供丰富的客观数据,还可以通过推理、演绎和归纳等科学方法,提炼出需要的科学数据,这样不仅丰富了地质灾害监测决策的技术手段,还大大提高了决策的效率。     

单糖结构教学中“磨合期”的应用

简术害单糖结构推导教学中运用“磨合期”教学法的过程。     

浅谈膨胀土地基的建筑工程措施

本文介绍了膨胀土的性质与特点,分析了膨胀土的危害及原因,提出了膨胀土地区地基处理的方法,以供大家设计与施工时参考。     

Effects of slag fineness on durability of mortars

In recent years, the usages of by-products and wastes in industry have become more important. The importance of the sustainable development is also of increasing. The utilizations of wastes, as mineral admixture or fine aggregate, reduce the consumption of the natural resources and improve the durability of concrete. In this study, the effect of the fineness on the high temperature and sulphate resistances of concrete mortar specimens, produced with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) replacing cement, is investigated. The compressive and flexural strength test results for all series related to durability effects, exposing temperature and solutions, exposure times for these durability effects, slag content and fineness are discussed. Conse- quently, the optimum slag contents are determined for producing the sulphate and high temperature resistant mortars.