Dealing with disagreement: The roles of topic familiarity and disagreement explanation in evaluation of conflicting expert claims and sources

Learners may increasingly encounter conflicting expert reports. However, little is known about how they deal with this challenge. We examined how learners' familiarity with a controversial historical topic affects their epistemic judgments of conflicting expert claims and sources, the interplay of their claim and source evaluation strategies, and their meta-epistemic understanding of the legitimacy of the disagreement (absolutist, multiplist, and evaluativist perspectives). In two studies, topic familiarity increased agreement with belief-consistent expert claims and the perceived trustworthiness of the expert who presented these claims. Topic familiarity also impacted the coordination of evaluation strategies and led to greater reliance on knowledge-based validation. However, topic familiarity did not affect meta-epistemic understanding of the legitimacy of the controversy. In the second study, reading an explanation about reasons for disagreements between historians resulted in higher evaluativism. Teaching about expert disagreement may be a productive approach for promoting appreciation of the diversity of knowledge.     

试论“能级匹配”与现代人力资源管理的价值选择

现代管理理论的发展方向，正在逐步向以人的全面自由发展为目的的阶段迈进。在这个发展过程中，人力资源管理实现人与事的能级匹配，日益成为诸多价值追求的核心，所有管理理论与实践的出发点和归宿，是以实现人的能级匹配为目标的。     

基于Jess规则的数据库通知服务

提出一种实现数据库通知服务的技术框架,使用Jess规则代替SQL编码来表达用户的数据监控策略,规则执行时先由规则解释器将规则翻译成SQL语句然后执行.使用这种方法,数据监控策略易于理解和接受,修改方便;其次,可在规则解释器中实现异构数据库系统之间的关联通知服务;最后,Jess规则还可以进行复杂的推理,实现通知业务的智能化.     

基于递归概念图的文本检索模型研究

Sowa在1984年提出了一个抽象模型,即概念图,作为基于语言学、心理学和哲学的知识表示语言.但是其概念图的定义比较简单,对于刻画文本中的语言组块的语义及语言单元之间的组合运算比较困难.为了能从形式上为将来的组块内部和组块之间的组合分析提供支持,深化概念图的表示形式,我们提出了一种适用于自然语言自动化分析的概念图的形式化描述,它可以看成是Sowa 概念图的递归扩展.然后我们将这种新颖的知识表示方式应用到文本检索领域的文本标引中,同时给出了以此为基础的概念图匹配算法.在和布尔检索的比较实验中,概念检索体现出比较明显的优势.     

Granularity of algorithmically constructed publication-level classifications of research publications: Identification of topics

The purpose of this study is to find a theoretically grounded, practically applicable and useful granularity level of an algorithmically constructed publication-level classification of research publications (ACPLC). The level addressed is the level of research topics. The methodology we propose uses synthesis papers and their reference articles to construct a baseline classification. A dataset of about 31 million publications, and their mutual citations relations, is used to obtain several ACPLCs of different granularity. Each ACPLC is compared to the baseline classification and the best performing ACPLC is identified. The results of two case studies show that the topics of the cases are closely associated with different classes of the identified ACPLC, and that these classes tend to treat only one topic. Further, the class size variation is moderate, and only a small proportion of the publications belong to very small classes. For these reasons, we conclude that the proposed methodology is suitable to determine the topic granularity level of an ACPLC and that the ACPLC identified by this methodology is useful for bibliometric analyses.     

立足地域特色与资源优势优化创新选题思路--新疆图书选题存在的问题与发展对策

分析新疆出版业图书选题存在的问题,指出新疆具有浓郁的地域特色和丰富的民族文化资源,图书选题策划应当充分发挥地域特色和资源优势,着力策划民族语言类、非物质遗产类、“一带一路”类选题,繁荣区域文化,打造有新疆特色的民族出版业。     

基于改进遗传算法的图像相关匹配

针对图像匹配的数学特点,设计一种新的改进遗传算法用于相关图像匹配。根据基因位的影响和参数调整策略,采用半确定性和大变异结合,汉明距离控制的方法。仿真结果表明,新算法在收敛性能上大大优于简单遗传算法和经典序列猜测算法。     

Comparison of three web-scale discovery services for health sciences research

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of three web-scale discovery (WSD) tools in answering health sciences search queries.

Methods

Simple keyword searches, based on topics from six health sciences disciplines, were run at multiple real-world implementations of EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS), Ex Libris''s Primo, and ProQuest''s Summon. Each WSD tool was evaluated in its ability to retrieve relevant results and in its coverage of MEDLINE content.

Results

All WSD tools returned between 50%–60% relevant results. Primo returned a higher number of duplicate results than the other 2 WSD products. Summon results were more relevant when search terms were automatically mapped to controlled vocabulary. EDS indexed the largest number of MEDLINE citations, followed closely by Summon. Additionally, keyword searches in all 3 WSD tools retrieved relevant material that was not found with precision (Medical Subject Headings) searches in MEDLINE.

Conclusions

None of the 3 WSD products studied was overwhelmingly more effective in returning relevant results. While difficult to place the figure of 50%–60% relevance in context, it implies a strong likelihood that the average user would be able to find satisfactory sources on the first page of search results using a rudimentary keyword search. The discovery of additional relevant material beyond that retrieved from MEDLINE indicates WSD tools'' value as a supplement to traditional resources for health sciences researchers.     

Provider documentation of patient education: a lean investigation

Purpose

The study evaluates how providers give patient education materials and identifies improvements to comply with Meaningful Use (MU) requirements.

Methods

Thirty-eight patient-provider interactions in two health care outpatient clinics were observed.

Results

Providers do not uniformly know MU patient education requirements. Providers have individual preferences and find gaps in what is available. Accessing and documenting patient education varies among providers. Embedded electronic health record (EHR) materials, while available, have technical access barriers.

Conclusions

Providers'' EHR skills and knowledge levels contribute to non-standardized patient education delivery.     

Placing wireless tablets in clinical settings for patient education

Objective

The authors explored the feasibility and possible benefit of tablet-based educational materials for patients in clinic waiting areas.

Methods

We distributed eight tablets preloaded with diagnosis-relevant information in two clinic waiting areas. Patients were surveyed about satisfaction, usability, and effects on learning. Technical issues were resolved.

Results

Thirty-seven of forty patients completed the survey. On average, the patients were satisfied in all categories.

Conclusions

Placing tablet-based educational materials in clinic waiting areas is relatively easy to implement. Patients using tablets reported satisfaction across three domains: usability, education, and satisfaction.