体育专业大学生脑型的比较与评价

运用文献资料法和问卷调查法,对普通师范大学不同专业学生的脑型进行测评.研究表明,不同专业学生的脑型分布虽然不同,但脑型均以"全脑型"为主;语言类专业"全脑型"比例最高,体育专业比例最低,体育专业学生全脑型比例与语言类专业之间差异有显著性意义.建议加强体育专业"弱侧脑"--左脑的开发,可以考虑采取加强语言教学的途径来加强体育专业学生的左脑功能,以培养"全脑"型人才.     

Allograftic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into heart infarcted model of rabbit to renovate infarcted heart

Objective: To investigate the directed transplantation of allograftic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in myocardial infarcted (MI) model rabbits. Materials and Methods: Rabbits were divided into 3 groups, heart infarcted model with MSCs transplanted treatment (MSCs group, n=12), heart infarcted model with PBS injection (control group, n=20), sham operation with PBS injection (sham group, n=l 7). MSCs labelled by BrdUrd were injected into the MI area of the MSCs group. The same volume of PBS was injected into the MI area of the control group and sham group. The mortality, LVIDd, LVIDs and LVEF Of the two groups were compared 4 weeks later. Tropomyosin inhibitory component (Tn I) and BrdUrd immunohistochemistry identified the engrafted cells 4 weeks after transplantation. Result: The mortality of the MSCs group was 16.7% (2/12), and remarkably lower than the control group's mortality [35% (7/20) (P＜0.05)].Among the animals that survived for 4 weeks, the LVIDd and LVIDs of the MSCs group after operation were 1.17±0.21 cm and 0.74±0.13 cm, and remarkably lower than those of the model group, which were 1.64±0.14 cm and 1.19±0.12 cm (P＜0.05); the LVEF of the MSCs group after operation was 63±6%, and remarkably higher than that of the model group,which was 53±6% (P＜0.05). Among the 10 cases of animals that survived for 4 weeks in the MSCs group, in 8 cases (80%),the transplanted cells survived in the non MI, MI region and its periphery, and even farther away; part of them differentiated into cardiomyocytes; in 7 cases (70%), the transplanted cells participated in the formation of blood vessel tissue in the MI region. Conclusion: Transplanted allograftic MSCs can survive and differentiate into cardiomyocytes, form the blood vessels in the MI region. MSCs transplantation could improve the heart function after MI.     

动脉粥样硬化性脑梗塞和脑出血患者血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白水平的研究

目的 探讨血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白（Soluble thrombmodulin,sTM）与脑梗塞和脑出血患者小血管损伤、动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法 应用酶联免疫吸附方法（Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays,ELISA），检测60例脑梗塞患者、56例脑出血患者和64例健康对照的sTM水平，并分析sTM与血脂、血压的关系。结果 脑梗塞和脑出血的甘油三脂、舒张期血压明显高于对照组；脑梗塞和脑出血的高密度脂蛋白显著低于对照组；脑出血组的收缩期血压明显高于其他两组；脑梗塞的 胆固醇水平显著高于其他两组；脑出血的sTM显著高于脑梗塞和对照组，而脑梗塞的sTM显著高于对照组。sTM与总胆固醇、甘油三脂、收缩和舒张期血压水平显著正相关；sTM与高密度脂蛋白水平成显著负相关。结论 脑梗塞和脑出血存在由高血压和动脉粥样硬化导致的小血管损伤。sTM是脑卒中的独立危险因子。     

Cell therapy in congestive heart failure

Congestive heart failure （CHF） has emerged as a major worldwide epidemic and its main causes seem to be the aging of the population and the survival of patients with post-myocardial infarction. Cardiomyocyte dropout （necrosis and apoptosis） plays a critical role in the progress of CHF; thus treatment of CHF by exogenous cell implantation will be a promising medical approach. In the acute phase of cardiac damage cardiac stem cells （CSCs） within the heart divide symmetrically and/or asymmetrically in response to the change of heart homeostasis, and at the same time homing of bone marrow stem cells （BMCs） to injured area is thought to occur, which not only reconstitutes CSC population to normal levels but also repairs the heart by differentiation into cardiac tissue. So far, basic studies by using potential sources such as BMCs and CSCs to treat animat CHF have shown improved ventricular remodelling and heart function. Recently, however, a few of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials demonstrated mixed results in heart failure with BMC therapy during acute myocardial infarction.     

Effect of a distal protection device on epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion in primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective: The beneficial effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been well established, but there is the problem of no-reflow phenomenon which is an adverse prognostic factor in primary PCI. In the present study the effect of a distal protection device (PercuSurge GuardWire; GW) on epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion was evaluated. Methods and Results: Patients with AMI were randomly divided into 2 groups, the GW and the control groups. The GW group included 52 patients with AMI who underwent primary PCI with GW protection and the control group included 60 patients who underwent primary PCI without GW protection. Epicardial blood flow in the infarct-related artery (IRA) and myocardial perfusion were evaluated according to the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade and the myocardial blush grade (MBG). We found TIMI score of 3 was obtained significantly more frequently in the GW group (96%) than in the control group (80%). The MBG score of 3 was obtained also significantly greater in the GW group (65%) than in the control group (33%). Conclusion: Primary PCI with GW protection can significantly improve epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion.     

Effects of periodic carbohydrate ingestion on endurance and cognitive performances during a 40-km cycling time-trial under normobaric hypoxia in well-trained triathletes

The purpose of this study was to examine CHO ingestion on a cognitive task using a field-simulated time-trial (TT) under hypoxia in well-trained triathletes. Ten male triathletes (age: 22.1 ± 1.1 years; VO₂max: 59.4 ± 1.4 ml/kg/min) participated in this double-blind/crossover/counter-balanced design study. Participants completed 3 TT trials: 1) normoxic placebo (NPLA; FiO₂ = 20.9%), 2) hypoxic placebo (HPLA; FiO₂ = 16.3%), and 3) hypoxic CHO (HCHO; 6% CHO provided as 2 ml/kg/15 min; FiO₂ = 16.3%). During the TT, physiological responses (SpO₂, HR, RPE, and blood glucose/lactate), cognitive performance, and cerebral haemodynamics were measured. Hypoxia reduced TT performance by ~3.5–4% (p < 0.05), but CHO did not affect TT performance under hypoxia. For the cognitive task, CHO slightly preserved exercise-induced cognitive reaction speed but did not affect response accuracy during hypoxic exercise. However, CHO did not preserve the decreased Hb-Diff (cerebral blood flow, CBF) and increased HHb in the prefrontal lobe (p < 0.05) during hypoxic exercise, and CHO failed to preserve hypoxia-suppressed prefrontal CBF and tissue oxygen saturation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that CHO is effective in sustaining reaction speed for a cognitive task but not promoting TT performance during hypoxic exercise, which would be important for strategy-/decision-making when athletes compete at moderate high-altitude.     

间歇运动激活心梗大鼠心肌NRG1-PI3K/Akt通路抑制心肌细胞凋亡

摘要：目的: 探讨心脏NRG1在间歇运动激活心梗(myocardial infarction,MI)大鼠心肌NRG1-PI3K/Akt通路抑制心肌细胞凋亡的作用。方法：雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为假手术组(S),心梗安静组(MI),心梗+间歇运动组(ME),心梗+间歇运动+抑制剂组(MEA),每组12只。采用左冠脉前降支结扎法建立MI模型。S组手术仅穿线不结扎。ME组和MEA组在MI术后1wk进行跑台间歇运动。运动开始速度为10m/min运动10min后,速度逐渐增至25m/min×7 min,再以15 m/min×3min运动,之后依次交替进行。60min×1次/d,5d/1wk×8wk。训练结束后次日,腹腔麻醉,颈动脉插管测定LVSP、LVEDP及±dp/dtmax。之后开胸摘取心脏,进行组织学制片,Masson染色。荧光实时定量PCR测定心肌NRG1及其受体ErbB2/4表达。Western Blot法检测心肌NRG1、ErbB2/4、PI3K/Akt、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白含量。Caspase3表达及TUNEL检测观察分析心肌细胞凋亡情况。结果: MI组胶原容积百分比(CVF)和LVEDP较S组显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.01),LVSP和±dp/dtmax显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01)。且MI后心肌ErbB4 mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.01),心肌NRG1、ErbB2和ErbB4蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01),PI3K/Akt蛋白表达及Bcl-2/Bax比值显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01),TUNEL阳性细胞数和Caspase3活力显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01)。ME组CVF和LVEDP较MI组显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01),LVSP和±dp/dtmax显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.01),心肌NRG1、ErbB2和ErbB4 mRNA及蛋白表达均显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01),PI3K/Akt蛋白表达和Bcl-2/Bax比值显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01),TUNEL阳性细胞数和Caspase3活力显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01),且运动效应被抑制剂AG1478显著减弱。结论:间歇运动可通过激活心肌NRG1及其受体表达,上调PI3K/Akt蛋白表达,抑制心肌细胞凋亡和胶原过度增生,改善心功能。     

运动训练对大鼠大脑、心肌脂褐素含量及自由基代谢的影响

观察了８周中等运动强度训练对大鼠力竭运动后和安静时大脑皮层和心肌脂质过氧化水平,超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性,还原性谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）和脂褐素含量的影响。结果显示：中等运动强度训练,可降低大鼠大脑皮层和心肌力竭运动后和安静时脂质过氧化水平,减少脂褐素的产生,提高超氧化物歧化酶活性,增加安静时两组织还原性谷胱甘肽含量。此结果表明,适量的运动训练具有一定的抗衰老作用。     

抗阻训练对心梗大鼠心脏和骨骼肌NRG1表征的影响及其性别差异

摘要：目的：探讨抗阻训练对心肌梗死(myocardial infarction, MI)大鼠心脏和骨骼肌形态结构及神经调节蛋白1（Neuregulin1, NRG1）表征的影响及其性别差异。方法：3月龄Sprague Dawley大鼠,随机分为雄性假心梗组(MS)、雄性心梗安静组(MMI)、雄性心梗运动组(MMR)、雌性假心梗组(FS),雌性心梗安静组(FMI)和雌性心梗运动组(FMR),每组8只。MMR和FMR组进行为期4wk负荷渐进性递增抗阻训练。血流动力学测定心功能;组织学染色观察并计算形态学变化;检测心脏和骨骼肌中NRG1和ErbB2/4受体的表达变化。结果：MI后大鼠心功能显著降低,心肌组织出现替代性纤维化,腓肠肌质量和细胞横截面积不同程度减小。抗阻训练显著提高了MI大鼠心功能,增加了腓肠肌相对质量和细胞横截面积,同时显著上调雄性MI大鼠心肌和骨骼肌中NRG1蛋白水平及雄性和雌性MI大鼠ErbB2和ErbB4的表达(p<0.05, p<0.01)。结论：抗阻训练促进MI大鼠心功能改善和骨骼肌生长,上调心肌和骨骼肌中NRG1及其受体表达,且不同性别之间存在程度差异性。     

DJ—A型大脑机能测试系统的研制

根据“80.8神经类型量表”研制出一种专门测试和分析人神经类型的仪器。该系统采用数字化数据输入板、计算机处理数据。使测试结果更精确、过程更简便。