基于GAN序列的卫星数据接收系统故障定位

现有的卫星数据接收系统故障定位方法受困于专家知识的难以获取。提出一种基于生成对抗网络(GAN)序列的故障定位方法GANseq。利用故障传播特性,将接收系统分解为M个信号处理单元(SPU),形成一个按照信号处理顺序排列的SPU序列;将故障定位问题转化为有序排列的M个异常检测子问题,其中第m个子问题为对前m个SPU的联合状态的异常检测;然后针对每个子问题采用基于GAN的状态参数检测模型,进而形成GAN序列;综合分析该序列在所有子问题上的检测结果以定位故障SPU。利用实际接收系统进行的实验证明所提出的GANseq不仅从数据驱动的角度完成了故障定位,而且在总体上降低了虚警率,并提高了定位精度。     

Orienting Schools Toward Equity: Subgroup Accountability Pressure and School-Level Responses

Abstract

This article examines school-level responses to subgroup accountability pressure through an ethnographic case study of a school cited for failing to make adequate yearly progress for student subgroups. Concerns about the calculations and measures used to derive the citation and reservations about acting on accountability data delegitimized the citation and rendered the identified subgroups irrelevant to daily practice. Under district guidance, compliance with subgroup accountability was independent of the school's internal efforts to promote equity.     

Metaphors we’re colonised by? The case of data-driven educational technologies in Brazil

ABSTRACT

This article discusses issues concerning the spread of data-driven educational technologies in Brazil. Here, as elsewhere, educational technology continues to be promoted optimistically as the bearer of a panacea for historically-rooted social problems. Whilst some of these technologies have indeed contributed to important widening-participation programmes in the last two decades, widespread advocacy of technological ‘solutionism’, reflected in gradually stronger policy demands for efficiencies to be improved through ‘innovation’, has supported a relentless marketisation of the country’s educational systems. As transnational corporations position themselves to take control of key areas of these systems, threatening to restructure the whole sector, data-driven educational technologies provide the latest example in a series of ‘new’ ideas offered in an ever-expanding market. Based on the notion of ‘conceptual metaphors’, which encapsulate specific ways of perceiving, thinking and relating with the world, this article examines key metaphors underpinning discourses surrounding data-driven educational technologies in Brazil. In particular, the article analyses ways in which these specific metaphors may be promoting perspectives that ignore difference and obscure broader questions concerning education, thus contributing to the reproduction of previously existing problems and supporting new forms of colonisation.     

智能情报分析模式:数据驱动型与知识驱动型

[目的/意义]研究智能情报分析模式特点、发展方向及研究建设策略。[方法/过程]在分析神经网络、知识工程两类人工智能核心技术演变过程及发展趋势的基础上,提出支撑智能情报分析服务的大数据资源体系框架结构及建设原则,并分析数据驱动和知识驱动方法在情报分析中的单独应用与融合发展问题。[结果/结论]认为数据和知识双轮驱动是智能情报分析未来发展的一个方向;而实现智能情报分析的关键,一是加强一次数据资源和二次数据资源建设,二是加强深度学习技术与知识图谱技术在科技情报分析中应用的研究,三是建立数据驱动与知识驱动相融合的分析模式。     

如何培养本科翻译专业学生的批判性思维--以两堂汉译英翻译赏析课为例

近年来,不少外语界专家认为外语专业的学生缺乏批判性思维。在本科笔译教学中,笔者发现刚接触翻译的学生尤其如此。他们容易相信网上的译文,把外教和教师的话当做权威,做翻译的过程中缺乏批判性思维。因此,该文中探讨两节汉英翻译赏析课中如何采用案例教学和数据驱动方法帮助学生培养批判性思维。     

从“基于经验”到“数据驱动”:大数据时代的教学新样态

集数据论、工具论和方法论于一体的大数据与教学的深度融合重塑了师生的"教"与"学",促使教学范式从"基于经验"向"数据驱动"转型:教学内容从"学科知识"进阶"个体智慧";教学方法从"规范讲授"迈入"具身体验";教学评价从"观察判决"转向"证据评估"。"数据驱动"型教学的运行机制是教师、学生、教学媒介和教学内容等围绕教学大数据所进行的多边互动。要推进"数据驱动"型教学的实现,教师需坚守"教育性"数据本真、养成"整全性"数据素养、建设"专业性"数据共同体。     

基于美国当代英语语料库的词汇教学课堂设计及实证研究

美国当代英语语料库特有的词频统计、语境共现和索引词凸显等功能能够促进词汇教学的有效性,而微本的制作便于该语料库应用于课堂教学。结合数据驱动学习方式,教师可通过确定关键词、微本呈现、学生分组讨论、教师点评、强化练习等教学步骤进行课堂设计。结果证明此模式能有效促进学生的词汇学习,并对帮助学生养成自主学习习惯、提高自主学习能力具有一定促进作用。     

An Empirical Research on DDL in L2 Writing

L2 （second language） writing teaching and research is greatly influenced by the advent of computer technology. This paper reviews papers, in the field of DDL （data-driven learning） in L2 writing, published in international journals and in Chinese journals, and differences are found in research methodology, research perspective, and research realm. Based on the analysis of the differences, the study aims at finding out the effects of the application of DDL in L2 teaching classroom. The present study, employing semi-structured writing and learning journals, explores how English learners perceive the use of corpora in their writing process. Based on the statistics, it is concluded that DDL in L2 writing is beneficial for vocabulary acquisition. However, corpus consultation does not work well for all learners. Learners＇ attitudes toward the use of corpus are various. The major findings may find application in teaching practice, and implications for teaching are discussed.     

数据驱动赋能新时代教师领导力的思考

数据驱动成为新时代教育改革发展的新动能,具有基础性、开放性、全面性和智能化的时代特点。数据驱动为新时代教师领导力赋能,教师领导力迈入数据驱动新时代,教师领导力的表现将更加丰富,利用数据开展教学决策、因材施教、课堂评估等将更加科学。数据驱动赋能教师领导力之困在于教师的数据素养不高,解困之策在于强化政策引导、课程研发、实践创新和问题导向。     

Setting by numbers: datafication processes and ability grouping in an English secondary school

ABSTRACT

With the rise of accountability policies since the early nineties, the daily operation of English schools has profoundly changed. Through the in-depth analysis of ability grouping practices in one English secondary school, this paper aims to explore how the accountability shift and datafication impacted the practice of student grouping and students’ experience of education. The paper documents how an English secondary school which had fully endorsed the comprehensive ideal gradually shifted from mixed ability teaching to a rigid system of hierarchically arranged attainment-based grouping structure over a period of decades, and explores the pedagogical dilemmas that data-driven governance generates. The paper concludes that the school’s data-driven practice creates an environment of competition and an experience of incessant insecurities for the students which unsettlingly echo the culture of the late neoliberal labour market.