Individual and contextual factors in ethical decision making: A case study of the most significant doping scandal in Canadian university sports history

This case study is written for instructors of sport management courses focused on ethics and integrity-related issues in team environments. The case highlights the real world example of the University of Waterloo Warriors varsity football that, in 2010, experienced the most significant doping scandal in Canadian university sports history, with a total of nine anti-doping rule violations asserted through the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport. This case study also incorporates the findings of an independent review of the Waterloo football program in relation to the use of banned substances, and includes first-hand accounts from Bob Copeland who was the acting director of athletics. These findings are then interpreted in the context of relevant theory related to performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) use. Along with the findings of this review, which included interviews with athletes, coaches, and administrators, the case study provides important insights into ethical decision making processes and leadership structures in a team sport environment. Particular emphasis is placed on the role that individual cognitive antecedents and contextual organizational factors (i.e., policies, leadership, ethical climate, and infrastructure) play in ethical decision-making processes.     

Resiliency as a factor protecting youths from risky behaviour: Moderating effects of gender and sport

We hypothesised that resiliency may protect adolescents against risky behaviours, and that both the practicing of sports, and gender are moderating variables in relationships between resiliency and risky behaviours. The study included 18-year-old pupils from a selection of secondary schools (n = 556). A total of 188 individuals practiced competitive sports and the remaining 368 participants were non-athletes. The participants were examined with the Resiliency Assessment Scale for Children and Adolescents (SPP-18) and with a survey containing questions and statements related to high-risk “experiments with adulthood”. Adolescent athletes showed higher levels of resiliency than their peers. The power of the “Determination and Persistence in Action” effect on “Alcohol” scale differed significantly between male athletes and male non-athletes. Only in the athletes groups were higher scores on this scale reflected by lower values on the “Drugs” scale. Moreover, it is possible to observe differences in undertaking risky behaviour between male and female athletes. The analysis of risky sexual behaviour suggests that sport is a risk factor for men, and a protective factor for women. These data suggest that consistent prophylactic and psycho-educative activities, with a special attention to differences between genders, should be provided to all the adolescents, irrespective of their sport performance levels.     

Organosilicon reagents in natural product synthesis

Berzelius, the Swedish chemist in 1807 introduced the term ‘organic compounds’ as those substances derived from once living organisms (organized systems). Carbon exhibits the property of catenation (formation of chains) and forms a plethora of compounds on earth. Silicon on the other hand which is placed below carbon in the periodic table does not exhibit this property. This article is a brief account of some of the several reagents and classes of compounds encountered in organosilicon chemistry.     

高通量药物筛选中靶分子固定化数学物理模型的建立

通过对高能量药物筛选基本过程的分析 ,探索了靶分子固定化可能对筛选质量构成的影响 .从分子相互作用看 ,实际的过程远较理想的情况复杂 .分子间存在的静电力、疏水作用力及氢键力能对固定化的机理构成较大影响 ,甚至可能诱发多层吸附的固定化模式 .基于固定化过程中可能存在的靶分子与靶分子、靶分子与微球、体相与表面相之间的相互作用 ,构筑了相应的数学物理模型 ,为实际的筛选工作提供了可参考的理论依据 .     

新药研发发展态势分析

新药研发是医药创新发展的关键环节,是新一轮生命科技革命和生物经济变革的核心领域,对引领科技创新、带动经济发展、提升人民健康福祉具有战略意义。当前,前沿技术不断革新、学科跨域融合、数字深度赋能驱动新药研发领域创新日趋活跃,国内外创新性小分子药物、抗体药物、免疫细胞治疗、基因治疗与核酸药物等密集获批上市,为未满足的临床需求提供更多选择。文章深入分析新药研发领域发展趋势、全球新药批准情况,以及我国新药研发发展现状与态势,提出发展启示与建议,以期为新药研发领域发展提供参考。     

中药现代化的示范性成果——丹参多酚酸盐及其注射用丹参多酚酸盐的研究与开发

丹参多酚酸盐及其注射用丹参多酚酸盐是由中药丹参经提取精制的多酚酸盐类化合物制备而成.经大量临床前药理学研究及多中心临床试验,证明是一个安全、高效、质量稳定、可控的治疗冠心病、心绞痛药物.2005年5月25日,经国家食品药品监督管理局(SFDA)批准,丹参多酚酸盐及其注射用丹参多酚酸盐的新药注册申请获得了新药证书和生产批文.相关技术获中国专利和美国专利的授权,是一项拥有自主知识产权的现代化中药新药.本文主要介绍丹参多酚酸盐及其注射用丹参多酚酸盐的研制背景、意义和取得的成果.     

人参黄连对力竭运动大鼠血清肌钙蛋白T、脑钠肽以及心脏的可能影响实验研究

目的：：观察人参黄连对力竭运动大鼠血清肌钙蛋白T( cTnI)、脑钠肽( BNP)的影响,探讨其对运动力竭大鼠心脏的保护机制。方法：运用游泳运动建立大鼠疲劳模型,随机分为人参黄连运动即刻组( A)、人参黄连运动后24h组(B)、人参黄连安静组(C)、运动即刻组(D)、运动后24h组(E)、安静组(F),C、F组休息状态,A 、B、D、E组游泳训练。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定大鼠血清cTnI和BNP。 B、C、E、F组血cTnI和BNP值明显低于A、D组(P<0.01)。此外,与E组相比,B组血cTnI和BNP值明显降低。结论：人参黄连可降低血清cTnI和BNP,直接或间接促进心肌可逆性损伤和局域性不可逆微损伤的恢复,对力竭运动大鼠心脏损伤有保护作用,对运动性疲劳也有消除或延缓作用。     

A moral basis for prohibiting performance enhancing drug use in competitive sport

A strong moral reason for prohibiting doping in sport is to be found in the bad choices that would be faced by clean athletes in a sporting world that tolerated doping. The case against doping is not, however, to be grounded in the concept of coercion. Instead, it is grounded in a general duty of sport to afford fair opportunity to the goods that are distinctively within sport's sphere of control. The moral reason to prohibit doping need not be balanced against any autonomy claim of athletes who would prefer to dope because, upon closer examination, such claims have no force. The moral reason to prohibit doping does, however, need to be balanced against the enforcement costs imposed on all athletes by effective prohibition.     

药物高通量亲合色谱筛选中定性定量模型的建立

通过对AC高通量筛选过程的分析，建立了AC技术筛选药物的定性及定量模型，为高通量药物筛选提供了必要的理论指导。     

超声波理疗复方中药导入制剂的研究与配制

超声波理疗可治疗疾患和促进机体康复。针对复方中药超声波导入液的配制进行研究,按照中药复方的"君"、"臣"、"佐"、"使"的组方原则进行药方选定,据各单味药的醇类、油脂类、水溶性的药性进行提纯融合,并跟最适合比例的芦荟、基质进行配制,其应用前景广阔。