从大学英语教学改革看大学英语教学质量提高的误区

大学英语教学质量的提高是外语界争论很久的话题。本文介绍了大学英语教学改革的背景,并以此讨论了大学英语教学质量提高的三大误区：大学英语教学质量的提高在很大程度上有赖于教学硬件的改善;大学英语教学质量的提高关键在于教学模式的改变;大学英语教学质量的提高只要更换一种新的教学理念。     

颜习斋反理学思想纠谬

颜习斋是明末清初一名反对宋明理学的思想家,学界对其一直持肯定的评价。然而习斋不少地方对理学的认识和批判是错误的。习斋反对理学讲论性命之理,却不知讲论性命之理是理学产生、发展的历史必然;习斋批判朱子主静,而事实上朱子主敬而非主静;习斋抨击朱子只重读书不重习行,而事实上朱子既重读书又重习行。     

逻辑治疗的形而上学假设

逻辑治疗认为,不合理的推理引发了人类大多数行为和情感的问题。逻辑治疗有四个基本的形而上学假设:人类从前提逻辑地演绎出其情感中认知-行为的组份;人类天生容易犯错,且其行为与情感推理的前提往往包含错误;行为和情感问题往往起源于绝对主义、完美主义的现实概念;人类具有一种天生的意志力量,这种意志力量可以被用来克服谬误的行为、情感推理。     

Individual differences in the analysis of informal reasoning fallacies

After decades of research into formal or logical fallacies of reasoning, psychologists have only recently begun to examine the informal reasoning fallacies that are routinely present in critical discussions, debates, and other forms of argumentation. The present study considers several possible influences on an ability to identify and analyze these fallacies. College students completed measures of deductive reasoning, personal epistemology, and knowledge of specific argumentation norms and analyzed arguments containing fallacies such as argument from ignorance, begging the question, and slippery slope. Results indicated that effective analysis of informal fallacies was associated with some aspects of deductive reasoning—especially an ability to overcome belief bias—and with higher-order epistemic beliefs, as well as a commitment to argumentation norms for critical discussion. Results are discussed in terms of argumentation research and implications for pedagogical treatments of the fallacies are noted.     

当前县域经济发展认识误区辨析

县域经济是我国国民经济的重要基础。目前,我国县域经济发展中普遍存在一些认识误区,主要有:重政策优惠而轻制度建设的思想误区,对以经济建设为中心的认识误区,对县域经济发展主题认识的误区以及对特色经济和园区经济的认识误区等。纠正这些认识误区,是全面促进我国县域经济高快增长并可持续发展的重要保障。     

论观念突破在商洛突破发展中的战略性及实践价值

陕西省委省政府“十一五”期间对陕南提出突破发展的区域发展战略，商洛作为陕南、乃至全省全国最不发达区域，实施突破发展必然涉及观念突破。在商洛的突破发展中，观念突破是突破发展的战略性选择，其战略性主要体现在观念突破的优先性和持续性上。同时，从实践价值层面看，观念突破是突破发展的主体性活动。结合商洛实际，一要体现在对突破发展的主体性认识的提高上，即要克服认识上的误区；二要体现在对突破发展主体性素质的培育上，即要在发展观念上实施突破，包括发展布局、重点、特色等一系列具体问题上的观念突破，确立新的发展观念。     

消解东方谬误 再现言说渴望——后殖民主义理论解读《黑暗的心》

小说《黑暗的心》讲述了马洛非洲之旅伴随下的精神之旅,在东方主义和殖民地权力话语理论考察下,该小说透露出后殖民主义意识。通过马洛的所见所闻,作者康拉德呈现了被西方殖民者丑化后的非洲殖民地——东方世界——的一个影子,以及当地黑人妇女被剥夺话语权的境况,同时,康拉德还通过马洛的所思所感,进一步消解了西方对东方的种种谬误,并展现了失语的殖民地妇女寻求走出沉默的渴望。     

谈音乐课程改革中的教学误区

在新一轮基础音乐教育课程改革中，由于部分音乐教师对课改的基本精神理解不深，对新《课标》把握不准，导致在课堂教学中走入了误区。目前比较典型的有：在教学组织上把教师的主导作用与学生的主体作用相互对立；在内容实施上把课程综合解读为多门课程内容的简单相加；在教学理念上把现代教育狭隘的理解为现代技术教育。     

Identifying paralogisms in two ethnically different contexts at university level / Identificación de paralogismos en dos contextos universitarios diferenciados étnicamente

Abstract

Although educational researchers have long tried to answer the question ‘Who reasons well?’, little has been done in regards to the influence of culture on argumentative reasoning quality. Among the factors that have been related with the construction of valid arguments, counterarguments and rebuttals by adults are: explicit argument training, task instructions and prior knowledge. No clear evidence exists regarding the influence of the ethnical background on the flaws or fallacies of reasoning. The present study applies the recent theory of paraschemes as a tool to identify university students’ paralogisms in a common argument-mapping task on everyday issues in two different cultural contexts: one European (Spain) and one Middle Eastern (United Arab Emirates). Our analysis showed that the influence of ethnical background was not statistically significant regarding the type and amount of paralogisms committed. On the contrary, the participants’ study major, being business or education, was shown to influence the production of argument fallacies. Implications of these findings for higher education are discussed.     

Rationale软件在英语专业学生谬误识别训练中的应用

谬误识别是批判性思维培养中的一项重要内容。比起机械识记种类繁多的谬误类型,能够正确识别论证中的各要素并分析出论证中存在的缺陷显得更为关键。文章调研了Rationale软件在辅助学生识别论证谬误中的作用。结果发现,该论证图示工具能够帮助学生深入理解论证结构,进而对论证质量进行有效评估。希望该研究对我国外语教学中思辨能力的培养具有一定的启示。