Where do you come from,where do you go? Assessing skills gaps and labour market outcomes for young adults with different immigration backgrounds

Using PISA and PIAAC data from twelve OECD countries, we examine the gap in cognitive skills among immigrants and natives and evaluate how those differences have evolved over time. We also consider how demographics, family background and school quality explain the development of cognitive skills of young people with immigrant backgrounds. The results show, first, that some convergence in skills occurs between second-generation immigrants and natives over time. Second, demographics, family background and school quality variables all contribute to the achievement gaps across different groups.     

图书馆情报学主要研究方法:了解、选择及使用

[目的/意义]研究方法在学术研究中发挥着至关重要的作用。确认图书馆情报学领域主要的研究方法，并对它们进行了解熟悉，以在开展研究时能合理选择、灵活使用，确保研究质量。[方法/过程]对近2 000篇图书馆情报学领域的研究文献以及相关研究方法论文进行内容分析，在此基础上对研究方法的类分命名、图书馆情报学界主要的研究方法的确定、特点和使用注意事项进行介绍和讨论。[结果/结论]研究方法应以数据收集法而不是数据分析法命名。图书馆情报学领域常用的研究方法包括实验法、问卷法、理论研讨法、内容分析法、访谈法和书目计量法，每种方法都有各自的特点。因而在选择使用时，既应根据具体研究课题及研究方法之特性，也要考虑使用注意事项，并尽量在同一研究中采用两种或更多的方法，以扬长避短，更有效地展开研究。     

面向幼儿发展的表现性评价实践研究

本研究采用表现性评价,对x幼儿园大班一个班级39名幼儿进行为期一年的发展性评价,在真实情境中对幼儿的发展状况作出连续性评价,获悉幼儿不同阶段的发展状况,同时对评价过程进行总结和反思。     

Evaluating the international dimension in an undergraduate curriculum by assessing students’ intercultural sensitivity

This formative, outcome-oriented, theory-based evaluation research study assessed the effectiveness of requiring an international (‘I’) course by measuring students’ intercultural sensitivity (IS) at the start and end of a semester. Findings revealed that students’ IS scores did not change regardless of the type of class in which the student was enrolled and were not significantly different based on gender, age, ethnicity, undergraduate classification, or number of ‘I’ courses taken. There were significant differences in IS based on religion, traveling outside the US, participating in a study abroad course, and the number of cultural events in which the student had participated. Regression analysis confirmed that religious affiliation and number of times traveled outside the US were significant predictors of IS. This study is an example of the use of theory-based evaluation in an educational system and provides important insights into what experiences affect college students’ IS.     

Using the Information Structure Model to Compare Profile-Based Information Filtering Systems

In the IR field it is clear that the value of a system depends on the cost and benefit profiles of its users. It would seem obvious that different users would prefer different systems. In the TREC-9 filtering track, systems are evaluated by a utility measure specifying a given cost and benefit. However, in the study of decision systems it is known that, in some cases, one system may be unconditionally better than another. In this paper we employ a decision theoretic approach to find conditions under which an Information Filtering (IF) system is unconditionally superior to another for all users regardless of their cost and benefit profiles.It is well known that if two IF systems have equal precision the system with better recall will be preferred by all users. Similarly, with equal recall, better precision is universally preferred. We confirm these known results and discover an unexpected dominance relation in which a system with lower recall will be universally preferred provided its precision is sufficiently higher.     

美国竞技体育"霸主"地位之透析

通过查阅文献资料、访问调查、数理统计等方法 ,分析了美国参加奥运会以来的实力表现 ,在此基础上 ,对导致美国竞技体育霸主地位的因素——世界政治格局变化、西方文化精神、美国的社会分层结构、黑人的先天优势、高校竞技体育、发达的职业体育、科学化训练等进行了全面的论述 ,以为我国的竞技体育决策部门提供参考。     

中外竞技体育后备人才培养体制的比较研究

运用文献资料法、专家咨询等方法,对中外竞技体育后备人才培养体制进行了比较研究。结论:中国应借鉴国外社会自治型的经验,转变政府职能,在充分保障原有体制运行效率的基础上,构建教育系统一体化人才培养体系;引入市场机制,动员社会力量参与竞技体育后备人才培养。     

中、日、美、英体育教学发展共同趋向研究

世纪之交,为了适应本国社会发展的需要,中国、日本、美国和英国都在深化体育教学改革。运用比较分析法等研究方法,对中、日、美、英体育教学的发展动向进行了研究。研究发现:中、日、美、英体育教学目标向着健康化、终身化、多元化的方向发展;体育教学内容越来越关注学生身心健康发展和终身体育的需要,体育教学评价更加注重过程性评价和个体评价,评价内容日益多元化。     

体育课教学质量评估研究

评价一堂体育课，总要有几条简明扼要的标准。传统的评价标准在一定阶段促进了我国学校体育的发展，但在实施素质教育的今天，已不能完全适应时代的要求，有时甚至阻碍了素质教育的发展。一堂好的体育课要作到全力引导全体学生参与，提高学生参加活动兴趣，使其有愉快的心理体验。同时保证教学的目标、教材、手段相配套，课堂教育的度、量、序安排科学，这样才能建立师生间民主合作的人际关系。１研究对象和方法１．１研究对象笔者对兰州大学２０００、２００１级文理科各１２００名男女学生进行问卷调查，年龄均在１８～２０岁之间。调查后…     

政府与市场:奥运会组织模式的双翼——兼论2008年北京奥运会组织模式

举办一届最出色的奥运会已经成为北京乃至全国关注和努力奋斗的目标。出色的奥运会的筹备和组织工作包括组织模式的创新。回顾奥运会一百多年的历史，发现政府和市场的关系问题在奥运会组织模式中起着重要作用。运用比较的研究方法，对两者关系进行研究，认为政府和市场是成功组织奥运会的双翼，二者不可偏废。如果奥运会由政府举办，政府失灵会导致奥运会亏损；单独靠市场运作，市场失灵会导致奥运会的组织混乱。总结正反两方面的经验教训，政府和市场的积极作用相结合，将不仅有利于奥运会的成功举办，而且对组织体制和模式的创新留下宝贵的遗产。